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Exploring the Universe: Tools and Objects

Dive into the fascinating world of astronomy and learn about the tools used to observe stars, galaxies, and more in outer space. Discover how telescopes, spectrographs, and satellites aid in studying the universe's mysteries. Explore the characteristics of stars and galaxies, and unravel the secrets of the cosmos.

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Exploring the Universe: Tools and Objects

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  1. Chapter 8 Characteristics of the universe

  2. Engage Activity – The Universe 8th Grade Science EPISD EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  3. The Universe What are some objects out in the universe? EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  4. Think-Pair-Share • Think (& Write Down): • If you were asked to go on a mission to outer space, what objects would you encounter? What are these objects made of? List & describe at least 3 objects. EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  5. Think-Pair-Share • Pair: • Share with a partner what you have written down. Then, discuss: What do you think would be the most interesting object in space to study? EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  6. Think-Pair-Share • Share: • You and your partner will be called on to share with the entire class. Be prepared to discuss and defend what you think is the “most interesting object in space.” EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  7. Tools Used for Astronomy • If you cannot travel to see these objects, what tools do astronomers use to see objects, such as stars and galaxies? (ch. 8, sec. 1) EPISD Middle School Science Curriculum 2009-2010

  8. Section 8.1Tools of modern astronomy

  9. objectives • Explain the main purpose of a telescope • Describe how astronomers use spectrographs

  10. New vocabulary (pgs 274-282) • Constellation • Radio telescope • Observatory • Spectrograph

  11. Constellations • Constellations are patterns of stars in the sky.

  12. Looking at stars • Stars in constellations appear as points of light. • In reality stars are huge masses of glowing gas just like the sun.

  13. As long as people have been looking at the sky they have been able to see shapes and patterns in the stars. The kinds of patterns people saw depended on the myths and legends that were part of their culture

  14. All the stars give off radiation.

  15. This is how a real star looks like

  16. The radiation that stars give off is in the form of radio waves.

  17. Radio waves? • Like the ones that we use for Televisions or Radios.

  18. Radiation Symbol

  19. Radio Waves

  20. Telescopes collect and focus all different types of electromagnetic radiation from stars including visible light.

  21. About the Telescopes • Galileo Galilei • 1609 invented his own telescope.

  22. Reflecting Telescope • Isaac Newton built the first reflecting telescope. It used a mirror.

  23. Observatory • A building that contains one or more observatories.

  24. They are located on top of mountains, so the Earth’s atmosphere would be less blurry.

  25. Satellites • A satellite is an object that goes around, or orbits, a larger object, such as a planet.

  26. While there are natural satellites, like the moon, hundreds of man-made satellites also orbit the Earth.

  27. Why does a satellite stay in orbit? • Due to the balance of two effects: (1) velocity, or the speed at which it would travel in a straight line, (2) the gravitational pull between the Earth and the satellite.

  28. homework • What are stars? • What are stars made of? • Is the sun considered a planet or a star? • What is a satellite and how does it stay in orbit? • What is a radio wave?

  29. Most satellites serve one or more functions: • Communications • Navigation • Weather Forecasting • Environmental Monitoring • Mapped Platforms

  30. Spectrographs • Breaks the light of an object into colors.

  31. We use colors to detect the temperature of stars

  32. Temperature

  33. Composition of Stars • 73% hydrogen • 25% Helium • 2% other

  34. When you have very hot hydrogen it makes LINES. • If they see no lines it means that it is cooler or hotter than 10,000 degrees Celsius

  35. Hydrogen and Helium give off RADIATION!!

  36. Section 8.1 quiz • Constellation: • Radio telescope: • Observatory: • Spectograph: • For what purpose are most telescopes designed? • What can an astronomer tell from looking at a star’s spectrum? • What does a spectrum without strong hydrogen lines tell you about a star’s temperature? • Why are images from the hubble space telescope clearer than images from telescopes on Earth?

  37. Section 8.2 Characteristics of Stars

  38. objectives • Describe how astronomers measure the distance of stars • Explain how stars are classified

  39. New vocabulary pgs 283-291 • Galaxy • Universe • Light year • Parallax • Giant star • Apparent magnitude • Absolute magnitude • Herztburg russell diagram • Main sequence

  40. Galaxy • Galaxies are made up of stars.

  41. Spiral galaxies

  42. Irregular galaxy

  43. Elliptical galaxy

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