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2.1 Wind Turbines

2.1 Wind Turbines. We are going to see how turning is similar to going straight!. But first we need to revisit WORK and ENERGY. Work is pretty much ( Force || )( Distance ). Work changes speed; it could go up or down. Define these new terms as kinetic energy – the energy of motion.

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2.1 Wind Turbines

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  1. 2.1 Wind Turbines We are going to see how turning is similar to going straight!

  2. But first we need to revisit WORK and ENERGY. Work is pretty much ( Force|| )( Distance ) Work changes speed; it could go up or down. Define these new terms as kinetic energy – the energy of motion.

  3. Because there are two types of force there are two types of work. For the first kind of force the exact path matters to the amount of work done. An example is friction. For the second kind of force the exact path does not matter. An example is pretty much anything but friction. Think of weight. For the second kind of force, we are going to call each work term a change in Potential Energy

  4. New BIG IDEA! Conservation of Work-Energy WorkType One = Change in KE + Change in PE Until we modify this to allow mass to transform into energy, this holds for everything! PhET Simulation - Energy Skate Park

  5. Clicker Question Which requires more work? • Lifting a 10kg mass up by 1m. • Lifting a 1kg mass up by 10m. • Lifting the 10kg mass • Lifting the 1kg mass • The work is the same for each Work = ( Force|| )( Distance )

  6. Clicker Question Which requires more work? • Lifting a 10kg mass up by 1m. • Carrying a 1kg mass sideways by 10m. • Lifting the 10kg mass • Lifting the 1kg mass • The work is the same for each Work = ( Force|| )( Distance )

  7. New ideas for today What is like Force? What is like mass? What is like our motion ideas?

  8. Things rotating and moving at the same time look complicated! But we can separate the two kinds of motion

  9. What corresponds to a push? A Twist! If a push is a force then we call a twist a torque What is the difference? How do we say how big the torque is?

  10. Wrench and Bolt Another example of mechanical advantage

  11. Define Torque Torque = ( Force )( Perpendicular Lever Arm ) Lever Arm Force

  12. Pushes can result in accelerations. How does it work with torques? Inertia Tubes It matters where the mass is! Inertia Table Close to axel – EASY – like small mass. Far from axel – HARD – like big mass.

  13. Balance can be complicated! Center of gravity and torque balance Center of mass rod with spheres “Nicely” distributed mass and rotation Prok chop Center of mass ignores rotation! Lack of dynamic balance is bad news.

  14. In absence of forces (wind) there is no torque and the blades remain at rest. • External torque sets blades in rotational motion. • Angular velocity increases as long a torque is present. • Analogy to linear Motion: in absence of forces/torque state of linear/rotational motion remains unchanged. Observations About Wind Turbines Palm Helocopter

  15. Clicker Question What makes for a good wind turbine? • Long Blades and Low Wind Speed. • Long Blades and High Wind Speed. • Short Blades and Low Wind Speed. • Short Blades and High Wind Speed. Remember Torque!

  16. Helicopter Torque from wind drives electric generator at center of turbine.

  17. New Ideas Today Rotational position, velocity, acceleration Rotational “force” is torque. Torque = ( Force )( Perpendicular Lever Arm ) Rotational mass is both how much mass and how far it is from the axel.

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