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Understanding Computers

Understanding Computers. “Getting Inside the Computer” Computer Hardware. Real Estate?. Motherboard = real estate. Power. Integrated circuits = power lines. Cheese Wagons. Buses = mass transportation. Buildings. Memory Chips & Adapters = buildings. Integrated Circuits.

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Understanding Computers

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  1. Understanding Computers “Getting Inside the Computer” Computer Hardware

  2. Real Estate? • Motherboard = real estate

  3. Power • Integrated circuits = power lines

  4. Cheese Wagons • Buses = mass transportation

  5. Buildings • Memory Chips & Adapters = buildings

  6. Integrated Circuits A super thin slice of semi–conducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors. Bits are represented as electrical pulses that travel over these circuits. Also called a chip, microchip and computer chip.

  7. Chip Package Integrated Circuit Uses • Processors • Memory • Support circuitry

  8. ISA • Industry Standard Architecture • Mouse, Speakers • ISA only • Large

  9. PCI • Peripheral Component Interconnect • Sound, Video, Network • PCI Only • “Plug & Play”

  10. AGP • Accelerated Graphic Port • 3D graphics & video • Gaming • Small

  11. Processor Packages • DIPs (dual in-line packages) • Has 2 sets of rows of pins that connect IC circuitry to a circuit board (“caterpillar”)

  12. Processor Packages • DIMMs (dual in-line memory modules) • A small circuit board containing several chips (used for memory purposes)

  13. Processor Packages • PGAs (Pin-grid arrays) • A square chip package with pins arranged in squares (typically used for processors)

  14. Processor Packages • SECs (single-edge contact cartridges) • Houses a circuit board and processor chip

  15. Resist, Trans & Capac • Resistor: limit flow of elec. to circuit • Capacitor: hold charge & work w/ transistor to hold bits • Transistor: open & close circuits of computer

  16. Refresher • PC = • Ex: Desktop, Notebook, Tablet, Handheld • CPU = • “Brains of computer” • Input vs. Output • Example of devices…

  17. INPUT

  18. OUTPUT

  19. Refresher Manipulation of data • Processing = • Processor = • System unit = • Storage devices =

  20. Processor Performance • Speed: processor clock set clock speed (MHz or GHz ) • MHz = ??? • Mega hertz

  21. Motherboards • Companies • ASUS Tek, Chaintech, Intel

  22. Motherboards • Names • AT, Baby-AT, ATX, mini-ATX

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