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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. BY DR.LINDA MAHER. MAIN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:. 1 Radiology 2Histopathology 3Hematology. 1 RADILOGY. DEFFINITIONS: 1DENTAL RADIOLOGY : it is the art of producing an image or picture for intra or extra oral structures on dental film using x-ray

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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

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  1. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS BY DR.LINDA MAHER

  2. MAIN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: • 1\ Radiology • 2\Histopathology • 3\Hematology

  3. 1\RADILOGY • DEFFINITIONS: • 1\DENTAL RADIOLOGY: it is the art of producing an image or picture for intra or extra oral structures on dental film using x-ray • 2\X-RAY : it is a form of energy units with very short wave length that have the ability of producing shadiness of body tissue

  4. 3\RADIOPAQUE :the object that absorb x-ray and appear white on the film( e.g. bone ,enamel , amalgam fillings ….etc

  5. 4\RADIOLUCENT: object that permit the passage of radiation with little or no absorption and appear black on the film

  6. IMPORTANCE OF RADIGRAPHIC IMAGING: 1\better visibility 2\better evaluation 3\in case presentation 4\insurance purposes

  7. IMAGING TECHNIQUES • 1\conventional radiographs • 2\computerized tomography(CT) • 3\magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) • 4\ultra sound • 5\use of contrast media with radiography or CT (e.g. sialography)

  8. CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHS Advantages Disadvantages • 1\simple • 2\widely available • 3\many lesions can be identified with high degree of accuracy • 1\x-ray dose unavoidable • 2\difficult to interpret in some areas of the jaws because of the complex anatomy • 3\little information about soft tissue lesions

  9. Types of x-ray view 1\intra oral views 1\ periapical 2\bitewing 3\ occlusal view 2\extra oral views 1\ panoramic (DPT) dental panoramic tomography 2\ lateral oblique 3\PA (posteroanterior) 4\ cephalometry

  10. PERIAPICAL VIEW • SHOWS ALL THE TOOTH (CROWN ,ROOT ,SURROUNDING PERI APICAL TISSUE)

  11. OCCLUSAL VIEW • DEMONSTRATE LARGER AREAS • CAN BE UPPER OCCLUSAL OR LAWER OCCLUSAL

  12. BITE WINGS • SHOWS CROWNS AND CRESTAL BONE LEVELS • USED TO DIAGNOSE PROXIMAL CARIES, CALCULAS,OVER HANGS AND BONE LOSS

  13. ORTHOPANTOGRAPH(OPG)OR DENTAL PANORAMIC TOMOGRAPHY (DPT): • USED FOR GENERAL ORAL ASSESMENT

  14. HOW TO READ X-RAY 1\define anatomical landmarks 2\systematically view in quadrants starting from upper right side (look for symmetry _normal anatomy) 3\check the bone (radiolucency- radiopacity-interdental bone contour) 4\check the teeth (count-roots-restorations-abnormal radiolucent or radiopaque areas)

  15. CT SCAN • USED IN ASSESMENT OF EXTENCIVE TRAUMA OR PATHOLOGY AND PLANNING SURGERY

  16. MAGNATIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) • USED TO VIEW TMJ AND FACIAL SOFT TISSUES • NOT EFFECTIVE FOR IMAGING BONES

  17. ULTRA SOUND • USED FOR IMAGING SOFT TISSUES AND MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

  18. CONTRAST MEDIA WITH DIGITAL IMAGING IMAGING AFTER INFUSION OF CONRAST MEDIA USIG EITHER CONVENTIONAL RADOGRAPHS OR CT SCANNING EXAMPLES : 1\SIALOGRAPHY (IMAGING OF MAJOR SALIVARY GLAND) 2\ARTHROGRAPHY (TMJ)

  19. 2\HISTOPATHOLOGY DEFF: refers to the microscopic examination of tissue. BIOPSY :removal of tissue from a living individual for diagnostic examination Indications for biopsy: any lesion that persist for more than 10 days after removal of all possible causes and does not respond to local treatment.

  20. STEPS OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 1\TAKING BIOPSY SPECIMEN 2\DELIVERING THE SPECIMEN TO THE HISTOPATHOLOGY LAB 3\PROCESSING OF THE SPECIMEN BY THE HISTOPATHOLOGIST A\FIXATION B\DEHYDRATION C\EMBEDDING IN PARAFFIN WAX D\ SECTIONING E\MOUNTING IN GLASS MICROSCOPE 4\LABORATORY REPORT

  21. 1\TAKING SPECIMEN

  22. TYPES OF BIOPSY 1\BRUSH BIOPSY 2\FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY 3\THICK NEEDLE /CORE BIOPSY

  23. 4\SURGICAL BIPSY A\INCISIONAL BIOPSY (REMOVAL OF PART OF A LESION) B\EXCISIONAL BIOPSY (REMOVAL OF THE WHOLE LESION )

  24. 2\FIXATION

  25. 3\SLICES OF 4 mm

  26. 4\PLACING IN EMBEDDING MOLD

  27. EMBEDDED SPECIMEN READY FOR SECTIONING

  28. 5\SECTIONING

  29. 6\PLACE THE SPECIMEN IN TISSUE PROCESSOR

  30. 7\STAINING

  31. UNDER MICROSCOPE

  32. 3\HAEMATOLOGY (BLOOD TEST) IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD INVESTIGATIONS IN DENTAL FIELD: 1\Diagnosis of systemic diseases which have oral manifestation (e.g. leukemia, myeloma, anemia's or leucopenia) 2\ Diagnosis of haemostasis defects which greatly affect management(platelets dysfunction , coagulation factor’s deficiencies…etc)

  33. TYPES OF BLOOD TESTS TEST MAIN USES 1\FULL BLOOD PICTURE (COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT) CBC 2\ERYTHROCYTE SEDEMINTATION RATE (ESR) 3\IRON ,FERRETIN 4\FOLATE LEVEL 5\VIT B12 LEVEL 6\AUTO ANTIBODIES 1\ANEMIA ,LAUKEMIA, BLOOD DISEASES WITH ORAL MANIFISTATIONS 2\RAISED IN SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 3\IRON DEFICIENCY 4\FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY 5\VIT B 12 DEFICIENCY 6\SPECIFIC AUTOANTIBODY LEVELS IN CERTAIN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

  34. NORMAL BLOOD VALUES

  35. Request form

  36. OTHER INVESTIGATIONS • URIN ANALYSIS • MICROBIOLOGY

  37. THANK YOU

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