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CHAPTER 17

CHAPTER 17. THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. THE GI TRACT. Esophagus Stomach Small/Large Intestines Appendix Peritoneum. ESOPHAGUS. Normal Pathology. Pathology. Congenital Motor Varices Esophagitis Tumors. CONGENITAL. Atresia Fistulas Webs Rings Stenosis. Motor Dysfunction.

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CHAPTER 17

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  1. CHAPTER 17 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

  2. THE GI TRACT • Esophagus • Stomach • Small/Large Intestines • Appendix • Peritoneum

  3. ESOPHAGUS • Normal • Pathology

  4. Pathology • Congenital • Motor • Varices • Esophagitis • Tumors

  5. CONGENITAL • Atresia • Fistulas • Webs • Rings • Stenosis

  6. Motor Dysfunction • Achalasia • Hiatal Hernia • Diverticula • Lacerations (Mallory-Weiss)

  7. ACHALASIA

  8. HIATAL HERNIA

  9. DIVERTICULUM

  10. LACERATIONS(MALLORY-WEISS)

  11. VARICES • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features

  12. ESOPHAGITIS • Reflux (GERD) • Barrett • Infectious • Chemical

  13. REFLUX (G.E.R.D.)Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease

  14. BARRETT

  15. INFECTIOUS

  16. CHEMICAL

  17. TUMORS • Benign • Malignant

  18. Benign

  19. Malignant • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) • Adenocarcinoma

  20. SQUAMOUS Cell Carcinoma • Etiology • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features

  21. ADENOCARCINOMA • Etiology • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features

  22. STOMACH • Normal • Pathology

  23. Normal • Acid Secretion • Mucosal Protection

  24. Pathology • Congenital • Gastritis • Peptic Ulcer • Miscellaneous • Tumors

  25. CONGENITAL • Pyloric Stenosis

  26. GASTRITIS • Acute • Chronic • Special Forms

  27. ACUTE Gastritis • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features

  28. CHRONIC Gastritis • Pathogenesis • Helicobacter pylori • Autoimmune Gastritis

  29. Special Forms ofGastritis

  30. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE • Peptic Ulcers • Epidemiology • Pathogenesis • Morphology • Clinical Features • Acute Gastric Ulceration • Morphology • Clinical Features

  31. MiscellaneousGastric Conditions • Hypertrophic Gastropathy • Gastric Varices

  32. TUMORS • Benign • Malignant • Less Common

  33. Benign

  34. Malignant • Carcinoma (Adenocarcinoma) • Etiology • Epidemiology • Pathogenesis • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) relationship • Environment Factors • Host Factors • Other Risk Factors • Morphology • Clinical Features

  35. Less Common Tumors • Lymphoma • Stromal Tumor • Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumor • Lipomas • Metastatic Tumors

  36. INTESTINES • Normal • Pathology

  37. Normal • Anatomy • Vasculature • SI Mucosa • LI Mucosa • Endocrine Cells • Immune System • Neuromuscular Function

  38. Pathology • Congenital • Enterocolitis • Malabsorption • IBD (Idiopathic) Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Vascular • Diverticular • Obstruction • Tumors

  39. CONGENITAL • Atresia • Stenosis • Meckel Diverticulum • Aganglionic Megacolon

  40. ENTEROCOLITIS • Diarrhea/Dysentery • Infectious • Miscellaneous

  41. DIARRHEA/DYSENTERY

  42. INFECTIOUS • Viral • Bacterial • Antibiotic-Associated (Pseudomembranous) • Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome • Parasites: Nematodes, Cestodes, Amebae, Giardia • Necrotizing Enterocolitis • Collagenous Colitis

  43. VIRAL

  44. Bacterial • Adhesion • Replication • Enterotoxins • ENDO-Toxin • EXO-Toxin • Invasion

  45. SHIGELLA

  46. SALMONELLA

  47. TYPHOID

  48. CAMPYLOBACTER

  49. CHOLERA

  50. ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED(PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS)

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