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Child Sports Injury Prevention Guide

Learn about preventing sports injuries in children. Explore the causes, types, and mechanisms of injuries, and discover ways to protect young athletes. Get valuable insights on field and equipment changes, rule adjustments, and individual preparation to keep kids safe while playing sports.

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Child Sports Injury Prevention Guide

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  1. Sports Injury Prevention Jenna Bidoglio, ATC Belleville High School

  2. Background • Millions of children participate daily in sports activities • Children learn to improve: • Physical fitness • Obesity prevention • Physical and emotional health • Coordination • Team play • There is a risk of injury just by participating

  3. Problems with Surveillance • Difficult to track injuries • All injuries don’t get reported • Best data from team physicians and athletic trainers • NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) • High School National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (High School NATION). • No standard method of reporting • May report by • Body part injured • Amount of time a player missed practice or a game • Type of injury sustained

  4. Magnitude of the Problem • 3.5 million sports injuries for children < 15 years of age treated in medical settings • ¼ of all Emergency Department visits • For children involved in organized sports • 770,000 physician visits • 90,000 hospitalizations / year • 70-80% injuries are minor (< 1 wk of practice missed) • 60% occur during practice

  5. Injury Mechanisms • < 10 years of age • Often injured during individual recreational activities • Usually within the first week of the activity • Examples = bike riding, roller skating, sledding • Adolescent child • Greater weight, greater force = more severe collision • Usually occur during organized sporting events • Examples = Football, Wrestling, Basketball

  6. Sports Causing Significant Injuries at High School & Intercollegiate Level • Football • Wrestling • Gymnastics

  7. Causative Factors of Injury • Intrinsic (belonging naturally) • Age • Gender • Body size • Injury history • Fitness level • Muscle strength/flexibility

  8. Causative Factors of Injury • Extrinsic (from the outside) • Equipment • Environment • Activity type • Conditioning errors

  9. Types of Injuries Acute vs. Chronic • Both types usually involve muscle & bone • Acute • Result from a collision or sudden twist • Examples = Sprains/Strains, Contusions, Fractures • Chronic / Overuse • Repetitive, small injuries due to repeat motions • Increased today as children strive for excellence at younger ages • Examples = Pitching a baseball, Running cross country

  10. Body Parts Injured May Vary By • Sport Played • Some sports emphasize different body parts • Lower extremity = soccer, basketball • Upper extremity = tennis, baseball • Equipment Used • Projectiles may cause ocular (eye) injury • Examples = baseball, tennis

  11. Body Parts Injured May Vary By (Continued) • Age • Younger children often injure upper extremity • Older children usually injure lower extremity • Male/Female • Some sports injure one gender differently than an another • Females tend to have more knee injuries in basketball than males • In general, shoulder more male, knee/ankle more female

  12. Catastrophic Injuries • Injuries that result in permanent, severe neurologic disability • Direct Catastrophic Injury • Trauma from active participation in sport • Example = Football, Ice Hockey • Indirect • Result from overexertion while playing a sport • Causes – Dehydration or sudden cardiac death

  13. Preventing Sports Injuries • Field / Equipment Changes • Rule Changes / Coaching • Individual Preparation

  14. Field/Equipment Changes • Add equipment as injuries become evident • Examples • Helmets & Face Masks in youth hockey • Face masks in softball/girls lacrosse • Field modifications to prevent injuries • Avoid potholes, grates, rocks near field • Change field as injuries seen • Example = Anchoring soccer goals

  15. Rule Changes/Coaching • Rule changes to adjust for injury patterns • Example = “spearing” in football • Officials must enforce the established rules • Coaches • Teach the appropriate techniques • Encourage discipline in preparation (warmup,stretching,etc)

  16. Individual Preparation Prior to Participation • Learn about the game prior to signing up • Is this sport appropriate for your child? • Does your child wish to participate? • Who will be supervising practices/games? • Purchase the recommended equipment • Pre-participation physical exam • Preseason conditioning (strength and conditioning training) • Hydration and nutrition needs

  17. Individual Preparation At Participation • Practice within limits (listen to your body) • Adequate nutrition and stay well-hydrated • Know and follow the rules of the game • If injured • Seek medical attention prior to returning to play • Adequate rehabilitation is essential

  18. Summary • All sports pose a risk of injury • Research the interested sport prior to participation • Know the rules, equipment needed, and who will supervise/coach • Seek a pre-participation physical exam • Pay attention to nutritional and hydration needs • Have fun and play hard

  19. Resources/Links • Widome MD, ed. American Academy of Pediatric’s Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention. Sports safety. In: Injury Prevention and Control for Children and Youth, 3rded. 1997. American Academy of Pediatrics • Rice SG. Risks of injury during sports participation. In: Sullivan JA, Anderson SJ, ed. Care of The Young Athlete. 2000. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons & American Academy of Pediatrics • www.hooah4health.com • www.aaos.org

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