UNIT 6 Chapter 17 – European Renaissance & Reformation

1. UNIT 6Chapter 17 – European Renaissance & Reformation THE RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

2. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the conditions in Europe that brought upon the Renaissance and the Reformation. • Objective 6.5: Explain the developments of the Protestant and Catholic Reformation. • THEME: Two movements, the Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe.

3. CHAPTER 17: European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300–1600 Two movements, the Renaissance and the Reformation, usher in dramatic social and cultural changes in Europe. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance SECTION 1 SECTION 2 The Northern Renaissance Luther Leads the Reformation SECTION 3 The Reformation Continues SECTION 4

4. THE REFORMATIONCONTINUES CHAPTER 17 SECTION 4 As Protestant reformers divide over beliefs, the Catholic Church makes reforms.

5. CALVIN CONTINUES THE REFORMATION • Religious Reform in Switzerland • Swiss Catholic priest Huldrych Zwingli calls for Church reforms (1520) • Wanted followers to have more influence over the Church • War breaks out between Catholics, Protestants; Zwingli killed (1531) • Calvin Formalizes Protestant Ideas • John Calvin was French, only 8 when Luther posted 95 Theses • John Calvin writes Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536): • we are sinful by nature and cannot earn salvation • God chooses who will be saved — predestination • Calvinism— religion based on Calvin’s teachings WRITE THIS DOWN!

6. CALVINISM SPREADS • Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland • Calvin says ideal government is theocracy — rule by religious leaders • Geneva protestants ask Calvin to lead city (1541) • becomes a strict Protestant theocracy led by Calvin • Ran a very strict society • Calvinism Spreads • John Knox brings Calvinism to Scotland, followers are Presbyterians • Church governed by laymen called presbyters, or elders • Calvin’s followers in France called Huguenots • Catholics massacre 12,000 Huguenots in Paris (1572) WRITE THIS DOWN!

7. THE ANABAPTISTS • People are encouraged to read Bible to discover religious truths, new protestant group have different interpretations • Anabaptists believe in separation of church and state, oppose wars, share possessions • They were persecuted as radicals by Catholics & Protestants • Forerunners of Mennonites and Amish; influenced Baptists

8. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION • A Counter Reformation • Catholic Reformation — seeks to reform Catholic Church from within • Ignatius of Loyola • Leading Catholic reformer • His Spiritual Exercises (1522) calls for meditation, prayer, and study • Pope creates Society of Jesus religious order, the Jesuits • Jesuits follow Ignatius, start schools, convert non-Christians, & attempted to stop Protestantism WRITE THIS DOWN!

9. REFORMING POPES • Pope Paul III and Pope Paul IV lead reforms • Paul III calls Council of Trent to lay out Catholic Church reforms: • Church’s interpretation of Bible is final • Christians need faith and good works for salvation • Bible and Church traditions equally important • Indulgences are valid expressions of faith • Use Inquisition to seek out heresy • Paul IV issues Index of Forbidden Books (1559); books burned WRITE THIS DOWN!

10. LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION • Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation • Catholic Church is unified; Protestant denominations grow • Catholics and Protestants create schools throughout Europe • Status of women does not improve • Political Effects of the Reformation • Catholic Church’s power lessens, power of monarchs and states grow • Reformation’s questioning of beliefs brings intellectual ferment • Late 18th century sees a new intellectual movement — the Enlightenment

11. MAIN POINTS! #1 - The Renaissance is a return of learning in Europe • Lasted from 1300–1600 #2 - Starts in Italy for 3 reasons: Small City-States, Wealthy Merchant Power, Greco-Roman Literature #3 - Writing, Art focus on realism/individual