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Cryospheric Community Contribution to Decadal Survey. Compiled from Email correspondence (about 50 participants) WAIS Meeting Presentation. Science Challenges Driving Cryospheric Research: 2005-2010.
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Cryospheric Community Contribution to Decadal Survey Compiled from Email correspondence (about 50 participants) WAIS Meeting Presentation
Science Challenges Driving Cryospheric Research: 2005-2010 • Understand glaciers and ice sheets sufficiently to determine their contribution to present sea level rise. • Understand sea ice sufficiently to explain present observations of thinning and reduced sea ice extent • Measure how much water is stored as seasonal snow and its variability • Measure how much carbon is exchanged between the permafrost and the atmosphere • Understand which aspects of the changing polar atmosphere most influence changes in sea ice, snow extent, surface melting. • Understand how changes in the cryosphere affect human activity
Challenges for 2010-2015 • Determine the long-term impacts of a changing cryosphere on other components of the earth system. • Incorporate recent observations of rapid ice sheet and sea ice change into predictive models of the cyrosphere response to changing climate. • Quantify internal and external feedbacks between terrestrial, oceanic ice and snow cover and global climate and climate variability.
RFI’s Submitted and which could be applicable to CyroResearch • Advanced IceSat • Insar Applications for Exploration of the Earth • Global Water Resources Satellite (GWRS) • Cold Land Processes (CLPP) • Active Temp-Ozone Moister Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS) • Combined Active and Passive Environmental Sounder (CAPES) • Atmospheric Remote sensing and imaging emission spectrometer (ARIES) • AIRS-2 • Water and Oceans Wind Sensor (WOW) • Global Environmental Microsensors (GEMS) • Grace Follow-on • Operational Ocean and Land Mission (OOLM) • Suborbital Earth System Surveillance • Hydrosphere mapper • MDA Lowcost imager • Polar Environmental Monitoring • Molniya Orbit Imager • WaTER • GISMO
Prioritized Instruments Requirements Highest Priority (Mission X and Z concepts) • Altimetry (Advanced IceSAT) – • ice sheet elevation, sea ice thickness • SAR/InSAR C band primary and L Band secondary (InSAR Working Group) • Ice sheet and sea ice motion Instruments likely to be continued in some form on NPP/NPOESS • Passive microwave imaging and sounding radiometers (19, 37, 85 Ghz with increasing resolution) • Sea ice concentration, extent, type • Seasonal snow pack and snow water equivalent • Atmospheric temperature and humidity • Repeat multifrequency, high (10 m) and medium (250 – 1000 m) resolution Visible/IR (contribute to all observational requirements including polar atmosphere) • Scatterometer Novel instrument design or techniques • VHF/UHF sounding radar • Glacier and ice sheet thickness • Gravimetry mission • Water mass balance in all forms • Innovative orbit geometries (e.g. Molniya, Pole-sitter) • Innovative observation platforms (UAVs, GEMS)
Outstanding Issues • Identifying gaps in planned missions vs building a program from RFI’s • Constellations vs single platform projects • Role of International Partners • DATA MANAGEMENT IS GENERALLY NEGLECTED IN ALL PROPOSALS CONSIDERED SO FAR Some Reference Documents • IGOS Cryosphere Theme Report (Key and Drinkwater, in prep) • ISMASS Report (Jacka and others, 2002?)