The Family and Delinquency

1. The Family and Delinquency

2. News

3. 5 Most Addictive: Heroin, Cocaine, Amphetamine, Alcohol, Nicotine: Newsweek Graph Source: Lancet Pot

6. Recovery/Rehabilitation 13 % ofAdult Population In Need of Treatment, Drug & Alcohol Addiction, NJ 2003 Toxic Sober Adult population

7. Recovery rate Transition Model Toxic Sober Toxic 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 Toxic Sober 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 Recidivism rate Sober

8. Transition Model-2 = 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 Ptoxic (t=1)PSober (t=1) Ptoxic (t=2) PSober (t=2) Ptoxic = 0.80 Psober = 0.20

9. Transition Model-3

10. News

11. Pew Center on the States

12. The Family and Delinquency • What is the role of the family in causing or preventing delinquency? • How important is the family in considering possible causes of delinquency?

13. The Importance of Causality A theme in this course

14. Reference: Lecture Six

15. Reference: Lecture Four

16. Expenditures per Capita Total cost = expenditures per capita Crime Control Technology $200 High loss rate state South Dakota $100 North Dakota Total cost = damages to victims $0 0 0.025 Index crimes per capita 0.050 Offenses Per Capita Total cost = $200 per capita = damages to victims = loss rate*0.05 so loss rate = $4,000 per Index Crime in South Dakota

17. CJS $ Per FBI Index Offense Vs. Income

19. Social Institutions Shaping Youth Education System Family Community

20. “The Rotten Kid Theorem” • Reference: Jack Hirshleifer, “The Expanding Domain of Economics” • Figure 1

21. Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

22. Daughter’s Selfish Preferences: UD = UD(YD) Daughter’s Income, YD Best Better Good Father’s Income, YF

23. Family Joint Income Opportunities When Both the Child and Parent Agree Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

24. Short-sighted selfish daughter prefers point R Daughter’s Income R Father’s Income

25. Daughter’s Income Family Income = Daughter’s Income + Father’s Income Father’s Income

26. Daughter’s Income Family Income Is Maximum At Point J R J Father’s Income

27. How Does the Parent Inducethe Selfish Child to Act in the Family Interest? Did King Lear Have It Right?

28. Father’s Altruistic Preferences: UF = UF(YD , YF) Daughter’s Income Father’s Income

29. Why Does The Parent Care For The Child? • Darwinian (evolutionary) motive: survival of the genes

30. If the father is sufficiently altruistic, then the daughter’s enlightened self-interest is to prefer point A, and she can be induced to behave in a cooperative way, allowing point J that leads to point A Daughter’s Income A R J Father’s Income

31. If the father is insufficiently altruistic, then the daughter will prefer point R to point B and, as a result, family income and fortunes will be lower Daughter’s Income R B J Father’s Income

32. So, Love, Not Greed, Makes the World Go ‘Round • In what kind of environment does love and caring flourish? • both biological parents are present • educated, enlightened self-interest • a family with enough time and resources to care for one another

33. Trends Affecting Families Changes in Family Structure

34. Source: US Statistical Abstract

35. Marriage Rates Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

36. Number of Divorces and Children Affected Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

37. Age Specific Divorce Rates, men and Women Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

38. Divorce Rates by Duration of Marriage Source: Center for Disease Control, CDC

44. Source: US Statistical Abstract

45. Source: US Statistical Abstract

49. Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury

50. Post World War II Phenomenon • “In 1925, approximately 85 perent of black families living in Harlem were intact, and the teenage mother raising her children alone was virtually unknown...” Source: Glenn C. Loury, Ch 1 of Families, Schools, and Delinquency Prevention, eds. James Q. Wilson and Glenn C. Loury