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Control of Gene Expression

Control of Gene Expression. What does it mean that a gene is expressed or not expressed?. Not a simple explanation, but in general, is it being made into a protein? Why control gene expression? To conserve energy To adjust to changes in internal/external environment

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Control of Gene Expression

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  1. Control of Gene Expression

  2. What does it mean that a gene is expressed or not expressed? • Not a simple explanation, but in general, is it being made into a protein? • Why control gene expression? • To conserve energy • To adjust to changes in internal/external environment • How can we use this information? • Curing diseases • Making more useful foods • Cleaning up wastes

  3. Levels of control • Genome structure • Transcription-which genes are transcribed & when • Post-transcriptional-mRNA editing (euk. Only!) • Translation-usually initiation is controlled, also polyribosomes • Post-translational-protein modifications • Chemical-attachment of sugars, lipids, phosphates, etc • Chain length- removal of aas, quaternary proteins • Destination-signal sequences • Degradation

  4. Prokaryotic Gene Control • Genome structure • Single, circular chromosome • Almost all genes code for proteins or RNA • DNA arranged into OPERONS-allows all related genes to be controlled using single on/off switch

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