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AND FRIENDS. TED. Karen Kalck & Tracy Garza. Objectives. Taxonomy Anatomy Restraint and handling Training Physical exam Signs of illness Diagnostic modalities. This is Ted…. These are Ted’s friends…. Sea Lion. Manatee. Gray whale. Seal. Sea otter. Fur seal.
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AND FRIENDS TED Karen Kalck & Tracy Garza
Objectives • Taxonomy • Anatomy • Restraint and handling • Training • Physical exam • Signs of illness • Diagnostic modalities
These are Ted’s friends… Sea Lion Manatee Gray whale Seal Sea otter Fur seal
TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends) • Carnivora • Polar Bears • Sea Otters • Pinnipeds • Sea Lions and Fur Seals – Otarids • Seals - Phocids • Walruses - Odobenids • Sirenia • Manatees • Dugongs • Cetaceans • Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales • Toothed Odontocetes – i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises
Sea Lions and Fur Seals The Pinnipeds Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal) True Seals Phoca vitulina (harbor seal) Walrus Odobenus rosmarus (walrus)
No Pinnae!! What has happened to my ears??
Sea Lions and Fur Seals The Pinnipeds Callorhinus ursinus (northern fur seal) True Seals Phoca vitulina (harbor seal) Walrus Odobenus rosmarus (walrus)
TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends) • Carnivora • Polar Bears • Sea Otters • Pinnipeds • Sea Lions and Fur Seals – Otarids • Seals - Phocids • Walruses - Odobenids • Sirenia • Manatees • Dugongs • Cetaceans • Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales • Toothed Odontocetes – i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises
Manatees Sirenians Trichechus manatus (Florida manatee) Dugong Dugong dugon (Dugong)
TAXONOMY(how Ted fits in with his friends) • Carnivora • Polar Bears • Sea Otters • Pinnipeds • Sea Lions and Fur Seals – Otarids • Seals - Phocids • Walruses - Odobenids • Sirenia • Manatees • Dugongs • Cetaceans • Untoothed Mysticetes - i.e. Gray whales • Toothed Odontocetes – i.e. Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises
RESTRAINT AND HANDLING - WILD CAPTURE • Equipment • Nets and ropes • Stretchers • Pulleys • Manpower
TRAINING TED • Reduces risk of injury and stress • Important behaviors • Tail fluke • Genital slit • Urination • TRAINING IS KEY!
RESTRAINT AND HANDLING OF TED • Restraint out of water • More likely to injure himself than you • Stay close to his body • Be careful not to restrict his breathing • Place hand on rostrum to keep mouth closed • Keep tail under control at all times!!
I learned the hard way!!
TED’S PHYSICAL EXAM • Healthy Ted • Venipuncture • Auscultation and percussion • Injections
Healthy Ted • Attitude • Interested in and follows people • Rests by maintaining neutral buoyancy • Eyes • Tears very thick • Pupil shape • Mouth • 80-104 total teeth • Clear mucus glands • Skin • No sebaceous glands • Easily lacerated or contused
Healthy Ted • Blowhole • Fresh to slightly “fishy” breath odor • Occasional white, foamy fluid • Body Condition • No “neck” • Plump • Stool • Greenish-tan; watery • Occasionally may float • Urine • Light to dark amber, clear
Ted’s Blood(Venipuncture) • Needle inserted at a perpendicular angle to the keel • The blood of dolphins has a prolonged clotting time (lacks factor 12)
Ted’s Heart and Lungs (Auscultation and percussion) • Conventional stethoscope in plastic sleeve • Placed over lower third of thorax just caudal and slightly ventral to the pectoral fin
Ted’s Heart and Lungs (Auscultation and percussion) • Respiratory • Rate 1-4 times per minute • Measured over a 5 minute period • Heart • Rate is generally 40-130 bpm • Sinus arrhythmia is common
Injecting Ted • IV injections • Subcutaneous injections • Possible and sometimes done for fluid therapy • IM injections • Between the dorsal and lateral spinous processes of the vertebrae That better only be a 22 gauge!
IF TED WAS SICK… • Poor appetite • Evident weight loss • Unusual behavior • Vomiting or diarrhea • Discharges from the blowhole or nostrils • Foul breath • Discolored or cloudy urine • Skin damage
COMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS • Skin wounds • Bacterial infections • Fungal infections • Dental disease • Gastric Ulcers • Gastric foreign objects
DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES • Radiographs • Ultrasound • Endoscopy • CT Scan • MRI
REFERENCES • Borecky, Richard. MSU CVM Class of 2003 • Gulland, Ph.D.,VetM.B.,MRCVS, Frances, (2000): Concepts In Marine Mammal Medicine • Rommel, Ph.D., Sentiel, (2000): Concepts In Marine Mammal Medicine • Tarpley, D.V.M., Ph.D. Raymond (2000): Concepts In Marine Mammal Medicine • Van Bonn D.V.M., William (2000): Concepts In Marine Mammal Medicine • Photos courtesy of www.davidfleetham.com and www.corbis.com