Computer Organization and Architecture Overview

1. Book – chapter 1 Computer Organization and Architecture By William Stallings Pub.: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.

2. Outline • Overview • The Computer System • The CPU • The Control Unit • Parallel Organization

3. Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer • Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. • e.g., Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented • Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. • e.g., Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

5. Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture • This gives code compatibility • At least backwards • Q. Why not forward? • Organization differs between different versions

6. Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

7. Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure All computer functions are: 1. Data movement 2. Data storage 3. Data processing – • from/to storage • from storage to I/O 4. Control

8. Possible Computer Operations (1) Data movement

9. Possible ComputerOperations (2) Data Storage

10. Possible ComputerOperation (3) Data Processing from/to storage

11. Possible Computer Operation (4)Data Processing from storage to I/O

12. Structure is the way in which components relate to each other The Computer • CPU • Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. • Main memory • Stores data • I/O • Moves data between the computer and its external environment • System interconnection • Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

13. Peripherals: Equipment, such as extra screens, printers, or plotters, that can be attached to a computer. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals – what is it? Main Memory CPU Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

14. Structure - The CPU CPU Computer Registers I/O ALU CPU System Bus Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit

15. Structure - The Control Unit Control Unit CPU Sequencing Logic ALU Control Unit Internal Bus Control Unit Registers and Decoders Registers Control Memory

16. Internet Resources- Web site for book • http://williamstallings.com/COA/COA7e.html • links to sites of interest • links to sites for courses that use the book • errata list for book • information on other books by W. Stallings • http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html • Math • How-to • Research resources • Misc

17. Internet Resources- Web sites to look for • WWW Computer Architecture Home Page • CPU Info Center – find? • ACM Special Interest Group (SIG) on Computer Architecture https://www.sigarch.org/ • IEEE Technical Committee (TC) on Computer Architecture http://www.ieeetcca.org/ • Intel Technology Journal • Manufacturer’s sites • Intel, IBM, etc.

18. Q. Key terms? • arithmetic and logic unit • central processing unit (CPU) • computer architecture • computer organization • control unit • input–output (I/O) • main memory • processor • registers • system bus

19. Q • What, in general terms, is the distinction between computer organization and computer architecture? • What, in general terms, is the distinction between computer structure and computer function? • What are the four main functions of a computer? • List and briefly define the main structural components of a computer. • List and briefly define the main structural components of a processor.