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1. What is Biochar? We can define Biochar as a type of carbonized biomass that is derived from some sustainable sources in order to improve the environmental and agricultural value. Although it is a charcoal-like component, it is different from charcoal, applied as filter, reductant and fuel.

2. Activated biochar • We can define Biochar as a type of carbonized biomass that is derived from some sustainable sources in order to improve the environmental and agricultural value. Although it is a charcoal-like component, it is different from charcoal, applied as filter, reductant and fuel. As one of the porous elements, Biochar can retain nutrients and water of soil. For its absorption capacity, Biochar has the power to make the pesticides and metals immobilized. The carbon content in it covers more than 70%, while rest of the part has nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen.

3. How Biochar structure works? • Plant biomass is the major component to form Biochar, which is empty inside and is very lightweight. This Biochar has the capillary suctioning ability and its micropores help in drawing water. However, micropores are also effective at restoring this soil moisture for roots and small microbes. While you have applied some Biochar, it increases the water-retention capacity of the soil. • Moreover, it has the potential of trapping air of pipes and small tubes. The emptiness in Biochar works as sponge; thus, it can absorb water very easily. Since the char has porosity, the soil turns out to be lighter and looser.

4. Biochar agriculture • We have already said that Biochar has adsorption capacity. The term- adsorption indicates the process of attraction, found between molecules and atoms. That is why the Biochar is capable of holding the ions firmly. The water absorption potential of Biochar works due to the capillary suction process. • There are positive charges in the composition of Biochar, and its positive poles draw in the anions or negative ions. They are the acceptors of electrons, and carry charge to the cells for moving energy and for supplying power. Anion Exchange Capacity is the major factor, differentiating char from other particles in soil. In the soil anions, phosphorus and nitrogen play a very important role.

5. Microbial Activity • The presence of our Biochar enables more feasibility to microorganisms in soil, and this microbiological process of microorganisms increases the quality of the soil. All plants depend on these microorganisms for mineralizing nutrients for its better growth rate. The soil also gets a stable nitrogen and carbon reservoir to make the biological decomposition process faster.

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