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Geo-referenced data and DLI aggregate data sources

Geo-referenced data and DLI aggregate data sources. Chuck Humphrey. University of Alberta September 29, 2008. Outline. An introduction to geo-referenced data available through the Data Library Working with the Census of Population Need to know the levels of Census geography

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Geo-referenced data and DLI aggregate data sources

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  1. Geo-referenced data and DLI aggregate data sources Chuck Humphrey University of Alberta September 29, 2008

  2. Outline • An introduction to geo-referenced data available through the Data Library • Working with the Census of Population • Need to know the levels of Census geography • Need to understand the geo-coding of Census data • Need to know the content from the Census • Other geo-referenced data

  3. Geo-referenced data • You have free access to all of the standard data products that Statistics Canada sells through the University’s DLI subscription with Statistics Canada. • For GIS researchers, these products include aggregate data files and Census spatial data files. • Aggregate data files are summary statistics organized in a data file structure around time, geography and content.

  4. Geo-referenced data • What are geo-referenced data? • Aggregate data that contain at least one variable representing a specific spatial unit in which the geo-codes are based on a standard geographic classification and/or have corresponding boundary files using the same geo-coding system. • A spatial unit is the geographic area used as the unit of analysis to structure the data.

  5. Geo-code Spatial Unit

  6. Geo-referenced data The unit analysis makes up the rows in the data file and is the object being described by the other variables the file. The values for this variable are geo-codes for Census tracts.

  7. Geo-referenced data This case in the data file represents Census Tract 0023.00, which was shown in the image two slides earlier.

  8. Geo-referenced data strategies • For GIS use, we want aggregate data files: • where the variables summarize social and economic characteristics over spatial areas, and • where the data file is structured with the spatial unit as the unit of analysis. • We want the spatial unit in the data file to correspond with an available boundary file. • We want the variable representing the spatial unit to use the same geo-codes that occur in the boundary file.

  9. DLI aggregate data files • What are some of the DLI aggregate data products that might be of use in GIS research? • The Census of the Population provides the greatest possibilities for various levels of geography. • The Health Indicators provides statistical summaries of the Census and some health variables at the health region (HR) level of geography. • The Canadian Business Patterns reports company size for industry codes at the Census level of Census Division (CD) and Census Subdivision (CSD)

  10. DLI aggregate data files • Justice and Education statistics are reported at the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) level for the largest CMAs. • Justice also releases statistics at the municipal police force jurisdiction level, which is not a Census geographic level. • Notes: • As indicated with Justice, not all of these products have compatible spatial boundaries with Census geography. • Some may make reference to metropolitan areas but not use the Census geo-codes for CMAs.

  11. The Census • The Census is one of the most important sources of geo-referenced data. It is the largest survey conducted in Canada and, consequently, is the primary source for small area statistics. • To use geo-referenced data from the Census, you must know: • The variety of spatial units used to disseminate Census results; • The codes used to represent the various Census spatial units; and • The aggregate characteristics from the Census available for the various spatial units.

  12. 1: The variety of spatial units • Statistics Canada groups the variety of spatial units associated with the Census into two groups: Source for the graphics: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  13. Administrative areas Source: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  14. Statistical areas Source: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  15. 2: Census geo-codes • Statistics Canada has two categories of geo-code systems: • Standard Geographic Classification (SGC) • Other geographic entities Source for the graphic: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  16. Standard geographic classification Source: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  17. Standard geographic classification, 2006 The link to Definitions, data sources and methodson the main page of the Statistics Canada website provides a link to Standard Classifications, which includes Geography.

  18. Other geographic entities Let’s add dissemination areas! Dissemination areas

  19. Dissemination areas Source: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  20. Dissemination areas The geo-codes for DA’s use the Standard Geographic Classification and an added, unique four digit numeric code. For Edmonton, one DA code would look like this: PR CD CSD DA 11 061 0001 Dissemination areas

  21. Dissemination areas • The 2001 & 2006 Censuses employ two different geo-coding schemes at the DA level: an 8-digit and an 11-digit code. • The 11-digit code consists of PR (2), CD (2), CSD (3) and DA (4) • The 8-digit code consists of PR (2), CD (2) and DA (4). • The boundary files provided by Statistics Canada use the 8-digit code to identify spatial units.

  22. 8-digit DA-level code PR(2)-CD(2)-DA(4) 11-digit DA-level code PR(2)-CD(2)-CSD(3)-DA(4)

  23. 11-digit DA 8-digit DA

  24. Other geographic codes • Other coding systems for spatial units include: • Census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations; • Economic regions; • Health regions; and • Countries.

  25. Census tracts Source: Illustrated Glossary, 2006 Census Geography, Statistics Canada

  26. 3: Aggregate characteristics • Profile series and basic tabulations • Aggregate Census results are disseminated in two primary products: profile series and topic-based tabulations. • The Profile series is available at the SGC and other levels of geography disseminated by Statistics Canada and consists primarily of counts for all the response categories to questions in the 2B form. In 2006, the 2B form consisted of the eight questions asked on the 2A form plus an additional 53 questions. This series is the most frequently used by GIS researchers on our campus.

  27. 2006 profile series breakdown

  28. Basic tabulations • Basic tabulations are n-way tables showing the results for combinations of Census questions. The more the variables included in the table, the higher the level of geography that is reported. Few of these tables are below the CSD, CMA/CT level, although always check. For example, in 2001 Religion (13) by Age (8) is available at the DA level.

  29. Aggregate Census data • Want data at the CT-level or higher? • E-STAT has these data in Beyond 20/20, DBF, CSV, Tab-delimited format. • Statistics Canada website with level 2 access has text and Beyond 20/20 formats. • The Data Library site has text and Beyond 20/20 formats. • Available through the UT CHASS Census site • Want data at the DA-level? • The Data Library site has text and Beyond 20/20 formats.

  30. Health • Health Region is the administrative area in which health care is delivered in Canada. • As administrative areas, Health Regions are determined by the provinces. Statistics Canada creates a customized product from the Census aggregating results using Health Region boundaries. • Health Indicators and Community Profiles are the two key sources for Health Region aggregate data.

  31. Health • CIHI is responsible for disseminating statistics about the health care system at the Health Region level. The CIHI site provides maps without the data for a few indicators. The database, Regional Contextual Information for Health Regions with over 75,000 Population, appears to be the only data source on the CIHI site for Health Regions.

  32. Justice • The table may refer to jurisdiction instead of geography. • Justice tables • Table 253-0004 - Homicide survey, number and rates (per 100,000 population) of homicide victims, by census metropolitan area • Refer users to http://www.statcan.ca/english/sdds/3315.htm • Report homicides according to four population sizes: 500K +, 250-499K, 100-249K and < 100K • Group metropolitan areas under these categories

  33. Justice

  34. Justice

  35. Justice • Justice tables • Police Administration Survey - Municipal Police Force Administration Character, 1986 - 2006 • 866 municipal police force jurisdictions • The geo-code for municipalities consist of the standard geography classification for provinces (2-digit codes) followed by 3-digit codes that don’t correspond to Census geography but do correspond with the Uniform Crime Report police force codes

  36. Justice

  37. Justice • Justice tables • Uniform Crime Survey – Crime Statistics, All Police Services, 1977 - 2003 • “There are approximately 1,200 separate police locations responding to the survey, comprising about 220 different police forces.” Canadian Crime Statistics, 85-205-XIE, p. 73. • This table contains 2,711 police detachments, some no longer operational. • The geo-code corresponds to the Police Administration Survey: 2-digit province code and 3-digit detachment code.

  38. Education • The Education tables on the DLI FTP site provide provincial level summaries and for some post-secondary related tables, institution names are provided. No Census spatial units, other than province, are used among this tables. • The Statistics Canada website contains the Report of the Pan-Canadian Education Indicators Program. Includes the use of CMA and non-CMA reporting for some tables. Names and not geo-codes are used to identify CMA’s.

  39. Business • Canadian Business Patterns reports the number of establishments by industrial classification and size of workforce. These aggregate data are available for CD, CSD and CMA/CA levels of Census geography. • The data also provide a time series at these geographic levels since 1998 for both the NAICS and SIC industry classifications.

  40. CANSIM • CANSIM is primarily a time series database but every time series is placed in the context of some level of geography. One can search table titles for geography terms but cannot currently search just the geography field within each series.

  41. Odds and ends • Survey of Household Spending • Equipment (62F0041XDB): 17 metropolitan areas • Spending (62F0031XDB): 17 metropolitan area • Canada Revenue Agency • Provincial level statistics summaries from tax returns. • Environment Canada data sources use postal codes in some instances • Environment • Human Activity and the Environment: Annual Statistics Product (16-201-XWE) • Available in CANSIM series, too

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