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High speed DSP for infrared space camera. Martin Grim. Contents. SRON and the Space Kids Consortium Context Kinetic Inductance Detector Read-out principle System architecture Software www.spacekids.eu www.sron.nl www.facebook.com/sron.nl. SRON and Space Kids consortium. SRON
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High speed DSP for infrared space camera Martin Grim
Contents • SRON and the Space Kids Consortium • Context • Kinetic Inductance Detector • Read-out principle • System architecture • Software www.spacekids.eu www.sron.nl www.facebook.com/sron.nl
SRON and Space Kids consortium • SRON • One of 8 Scientific Institutes of NWO • Scientific research in and from outer space • Astrophysics, exo planets, earth and climate • Instrument realization from start to finish • Space Kids consortium
Context • Why infrared? • Research into star, galaxy and planet formation • Star formation only visible as glowing dust • Research into the young universe (approx 600·106 years old) • Expanding universe leads to red shift (towards infrared) • Big questions What is the universe made of and how does it evolve? How do galaxies, starts and planets form and evolve? Are we alone?
Future (IR) space instruments • Extremely cold primary mirror (4 K) • Extremely sensitive detector • Dedicated detector read-out • Low noise • High speed • High multiplex factor SPICA (launch 2025?)
Current pixel design Si lenses @ chip back Feedline Connects all KIDs to readout 1 mm Al central line Radiation absorbed Resonator Length sets F0 5mm = 6 GHz 0.1 mm Lens Ground plane No radiation absorption Antenna In lens focus
1 2 Si Lens Radiation 1 2 Readout signal ~GHz Kinetic Inductance Detector • Very sensitive super conducting radiation detector • operate at 100-300 mK • resonance changes due to incoming radiation • measure change in amplitude/phase of carrier • all carriers for all KID simultaneously present
KID read-out system • KID read-out • integration of signal read from all detectors • FFT on integrated signal • Masking to select the bins which correspond to a KID resonance
High level requirements • carriers 2000 (pixels) • blind carriers 10% • data points 216 or 219 complex points • analog bandwidth 2.0 GHz • sampling speed 2.0 Gs/s per channel (I, Q) • frame averages 24 or 192 (216vs 219) • system noise to carrier ratio 94 dBc/Hz • DAC, ADC, CLK, PSU, RF • RF, DACs, ADCs synchronized external 2.0 GHz clock • FFT: 160 or 1280 Hz (219vs 216)
Chosen system • COTS hardware • FMC and Virtex7 technology • QDR2 memory • Full integration • Focus on firmware/DSP • PC based SW control • Science pipe line
Current implementation • In firmware • Carrier comb processing • WOLA performed • FFT performed • Carrier select • Command and Control • SRON generic instrument control software • Control of hardware • Control of measurement • Displaying (level 0/1) science data • Displaying health
Software: today and future • Carrier comb • Python science control software (offline, PC) • Find KIDs in spectrum: 2nd derivative, check against threshold • Calibrate signal: remove modulated carriers, flatten base • Calibrate ADC and DAC frequency dependent gain • Calibrate I-Q phase difference • Deal with strong and weak sources • Space System: • Perform the above in embedded system (semi real-time) • Add • Low power, low memory, low μP performance • Static memory allocation • Lossless data compression • Fault management • Redundancy • (near) 100% code coverage
Space KIDs: the future • Finish current research • Investigate migration to space-like system • Investigateembedded processing • Investigate alternatives for WOLA and FFT • Go to TRL 5 or 6 within 2-3 years?