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VT 688: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WORKING LIVES. WHAT LED TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? FARMING IMPROVED – MORE FOOD AVAILABLE CROP ROTATION CHANGES RESULTED IN MORE ANIMALS BEING RAISED. MORE ANIMALS MEANT MORE MANURE, WHICH MEANT MORE FERTILE SOIL/ FERTILIZER. ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT.
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VT 688: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: WORKING LIVES • WHAT LED TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION? • FARMING IMPROVED – MORE FOOD AVAILABLE • CROP ROTATION • CHANGES RESULTED IN MORE ANIMALS BEING RAISED. • MORE ANIMALS MEANT MORE MANURE, WHICH MEANT MORE FERTILE SOIL/ FERTILIZER.
ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT • GAVE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP TO PREVIOUSLY PUBLIC LAND • LED TO MORE LAND BEING USED AS PASTURE & FOR AGRICULTURAL USE. • MOST DAY LABORERS WORKED 8 MONTHS A YEAR. • A WINTER JOB WAS TO THRASH/ FLAIL GRAIN & RELEASE GRAIN FROM THE CORN. • THE INVENTION OF THE THRASHER ENDED THE NEED TO FLAIL GRAIN. • IN 1830, FARMERS REBELLED AGAINST THE USE OF THE THRASHER AND OTHER NEW MACHINES.
FEWER PEOPLE WERE NEEDED ON THE FARM AS NEW INVENTIONS HELPED PRODUCE MORE FOOD. • FACTORY WORK IN THE CITY DREW ENTIRE FAMILIES TO THE CITIES. • SOME OF THE FIRST FACTORIES IN ENGLAND PRODUCED POTTERY. POTTERY WORK WAS VERY DUSTY. CHILDREN WORKED THE HARDEST IN THESE POTTERY FACTORIES GOING BETWEEN HOT AND COLD ROOMS. • WORK WAS PAID BY HOW MUCH WAS PRODUCED EACH DAY. THIS IS CALLED PIECE WORK. FROM THESE POTTERY FACTORIES SMOKE AND CLAY DUST POLLUTED THE AIR. • YOUNG GIRLS OFTEN LEFT THE FARM & WENT TO WORK IN THE CITY AS A SERVANT IN A LARGE HOUSE. • FACTORIES WERE BUILDINGS FULL OF MACHINES BUT MANY WORKERS WERE NEEDED TO RUN THEM. • MOST MILLS WERE POWERED BY FLOWING WATER.
CHILDREN • Children as young as 5 worked in these factories. They faced long hours and poor living conditions. • In 1833, the Factory Act was passed (only for kids) but it had little real impact as it was rarely enforced. • In the coalmines, women and children were used for hard labor instead of animals.
PROBLEMS • Legislation was passed to help these women and children who worked in the coal mines but these laws were not enforced. *only four inspectors hired for the whole country with over 4,000 mills • Adult workers in factories and mines hoped to get a 10 hour working day but instead continued to work an average of 14 hours a day.
Working Conditions • Workers tried to improve their poor working conditions by violence, forming trade unions, and winning the right to vote. • Improvement in the lives of workers during the Industrial Revolution came very slowly.
