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English accents

Explore the distinctive features of the Scouse accent from Liverpool, including Northernisms like vowel sounds and lexical incidences, Irish characteristics such as TH stopping, and other striking Scouse features like non-standard intonation patterns and vowel mergers. Uncover the linguistic nuances that make the Liverpool accent truly unique.

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English accents

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  1. English accents 10. Liverpool (Scouse)

  2. Liverpool located in Merseyside Scouse accent

  3. 1. Northernisms • STRUT words have /ʊ/ • BATH words have /æ/ (phonetically [a]) • [g] is retained after [ŋ]

  4. No FOOT-STRUT split put pʊt cut kʊt full fʊl dull dʊl In the north of England, /ʊ/ and /ʌ/ have not become separate phonemes

  5. no BATH broadening æ remains short / _ [-voi +fric] bæθ pass, glass, grass, staff, raft, laugh, bath, path, after, castle Rhymes: bath - math(s), castle - tassel, pass - gas

  6. typical southern accent TRAP æ BATH ɑː START ɑː gas, pass, farce æ ɑː ɑː typical northern accent TRAP a BATH a START aː gas, pass, farce a a aː lexical incidence: BATH words

  7. typical southern system (6 vowels) typical northern system (5 vowels) strong short vowel systems ɪ ʊ e ʌ æ ɒ ɪ ʊ ɛ TRAP a ɒ LOT KIT FOOT KIT FOOT-STRUT DRESS STRUT DRESS TRAP LOT

  8. final [g] remains after [ŋ] compare sɪŋg ˈsɪŋgɪŋg ˈsɪŋgə ˈfɪŋgə [g] retained in northwest England, lost elsewhere

  9. 2. Irish characteristics • /θ, ð/ are realized as plosives (TH stopping) • /t/ is realized as a fricative in certain positions • /l/ lacks clear-dark allophony

  10. TH stopping (London) Dbecomesdin initial position text messaging: da = the wiv dis = with this

  11. TH stopping θ  t̻ or tð  d̻ or d thick and thin a thick tick faith - fate breathe - breed fatherthese and those

  12. no clear-dark /l/ allophony mɪlk ʃɛl bʊlb ˈbɒtlz wɔːl ˈpɛnsl

  13. 3. Other striking Scouse characteristics • frication or affrication of other plosives • /eə/ is merged with /ɜː/ • the GOAT vowel is realized as [oʊ] or [eʊ] • non-standard intonation patterns

  14. frication or affrication of plosives k  x (or χ or kx or qχ) in final positiond  dz snake [sneɪx] back [bax] work [wɛ̈ːx] NB: no phoneme /x/ Dad [dzadz]

  15. SQUARE vowel merged with NURSE vowel fare = fur [fɛ̈ː, fɜː] Homophones: stare - stir pair - purr fairy = furry work [wɛ̈ːx] [ˈmɜːri]

  16. long mid diphthonging face feːs  feɪs day deɪ goat goːt  goʊt ( geʊt) GOAT vowel as [oʊ] or [eʊ] noʊ aɪ doʊnt No, I don'tneʊ aɪ deʊnt

  17. prosodic characteristics: intonation I don't /like ¯it = RP etc I don't \like it Are 'you from \Liverpool? = RP etc Are 'you from /Liverpool?

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