Securing Transportation Assets & Operations Mitigation Strategies for Highway Modes

1. Securing Transportation Assets & Operations Mitigation Strategies for Highway Modes

2. Agenda • Introduction • Insider Threats • Active Shooter/Assailant Threats • Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) • Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) • Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (PBIEDs) • Bomb Threats

3. Introduction • This presentation DOES contain: • Useful information, tips, and tools • Viable options for consideration • This presentation DOES NOT contain: • Policy or regulation • TSA or DHS requirements • Information intended to conflict with or supersede existing regulatory requirements, statutory requirements, or laws

4. Emergency Communication • Always dial 911 in any emergency • FMCSA strictly prohibits talking or texting on a hand-held mobile phone by a commercial vehicle driver while the vehicle is in motion except when necessary to communicate with law enforcement officials or other emergency services

5. Insider threats

6. Insider Threat: Overview • Definition: An individual who poses a danger to the organization and usually comes from within, such as a disgruntled current or former employee • About: • Employees typically display indicators of potentially violent behavior over time • If you recognize these behaviors early, they are often manageable

7. Insider Threat: Overview Cont. • Your Responsibility: Be aware of potential indicators and report them to a supervisor or appropriate authorities

8. Insider Threat: Indicators of Potential Violence

9. Insider Threat: Indicators of Potential Terrorist Influence

10. Active shooter / assailant threats

11. Active Shooter: Overview • Definition: An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area • About: In most cases, active shooters/assailants use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims • Your Responsibility: Be prepared to “Run, Hide, Fight”

12. Active Shooter: Workplace • RUN • If there is an available escape path, attempt to evacuate the premises • HIDE • If evacuation is not possible, find a place to hide where the active shooter is less likely to find you • FIGHT • As a last resort, and only when your life is in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter

13. Active Shooter: Passenger Carrier • RUN • If the bus is not moving or if it is moving very slowly and an escape path is clear • Consider using emergency exit windows or doors • HIDE • Hiding spots are limited, but cover your body as much as possible • Consider climbing under seats or in the onboard restroom

14. Active Shooter: Passenger Carrier Cont. • FIGHT • As a last resort, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter/assailant • Consider throwing items, yelling, and using improvised weapons

15. Active Shooter: Driver Response Options • ASSESS • If something looks suspicious at a bus stop when pulling up, do notstop, call dispatch or 911 • REACT • When feasible, attempt to stop the bus safely and use additional tactics as necessary (see next slide) • EVACUATE • When the threat has been neutralized, disable the bus and evacuate the area

16. Active Shooter: Additional Driver Tactics • Use alternate driving techniques to get the shooter/assailant off their feet • Swerve from side to side • Hit the brakes for rapid deceleration • Consider intentionally crashing the vehicle • Panic Button: • If available, activate it • If not available, attempt to open an audio line to 911 or dispatch with a cell phone or radio call

17. Active Shooter: Additional Driver Tactics Cont. • Engage passengers for assistance in neutralizing the threat • Distract the shooter/assailant • Notify law enforcement as soon as possible

18. Active Shooter: Coordinating with Law Enforcement • When communicating with law enforcement or 911, provide the following: • Number of shooters/assailants, if more than one • Location of the active shooter(s)/assailant(s) • Physical description of shooter(s)/assailant(s) • Number and type of weapons held by the shooter(s)/assailant(s) • Number of potential victims at the location

19. Active Shooter: Coordinating with Law Enforcement Cont. • When law enforcement arrives on scene: • Remain calm, and follow officers’ instructions • Put down any items in your hands (e.g., bags, jackets) • Immediately raise hands and spread fingers • Avoid making quick movements toward officers • Avoid pointing, screaming, and/or yelling

20. Improvised explosive devices

21. IED: Overview • Definition: A “homemade” bomb and/or device to used to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract • About: • Criminals, vandals, terrorists, suicide bombers, and insurgents may use IEDs • IEDs come in many forms, ranging from a small pipe bomb to sophisticated devices capable of massive damage/destruction

22. IED: Overview Cont. • Your Responsibility: • Conduct pre- and post-trip inspections of your vehicle for potential safety hazards or security threats • Conduct inspections after each stop where the vehicle remains unattended and unobserved for any period of time • Inspect areas where an IED might be hidden from sight

23. IED: Indicators • A package is suspicious if it is HOT: • The package is Hidden • The package is Obviously suspicious • The package is not in a Typical area • If a package is HOT, do not touch it! Call the proper authorities immediately

24. IED: Questionable/HOT Items • Any assembly of pipe parts not in a primary use/storage location • Any item that appears to be weighted down (such as a bag, container, or heavy-looking item) • A compressed gas cylinder with items attached to it • Item with dead birds, mice, or insects close by (could be a poison or radioactive bomb)

25. IED: Questionable/HOT Items Cont. • An anti-American poster • Discarded shiny or seemingly new items (such as a basketball, weapon, or bicycle without a lock) • Out-of-place computers, disc players, or flashlights

26. IED: Common Components

27. Vehicle-borne Improvised explosive devices

28. VBIED: Overview • Definition: AnIED that uses a vehicle as the delivery mechanism or container • About: VBIEDs can carry significantly more explosive material and cause more damage than a traditional IED • Your Responsibility: • Be aware of potential VBIED indicators • Immediately report potential VBIED indicators to appropriate authorities

29. VBIED: Indicators • Heavy, sagging vehicle (rear-weighted) • Illegally parked vehicle, especially near crowded access points • Covered or tinted windows • Large containers on seats or cargo area: bags, boxes, barrels, and/or tanks • License plates removed, obscured, or altered

30. VBIED: Indicators Cont. • Odor of gasoline, diesel fuel, propane, acids, or chemicals • Visible wires, switches, batteries, or antennae inside or on vehicle • Cargo concealed with tarp or blanket • Vehicle with false indication of distress or in a location for an extended length of time • Driver/passengers abandoning or fleeing vehicle stopped in roadway

31. VBIED: Passenger Carrier Threats • Passenger carriers have access to places that other motor vehicles cannot approach, putting them at risk for use as VBIEDs • Take extra precaution on routes that approach higher-risk facilities (e.g., government buildings, national monuments, houses of worship, heavily populated venues) • If you see something suspicious, do not proceed on the planned route; call 911 and dispatch, and disable the vehicle at another location until authorities arrive

32. VBIED: Indicators of Tampering on Cargo Carrier • Holes in floor/cargo areas • Unusual odors • New and/or shiny bolts or screws • Recently painted exterior • Additional fuel tanks • Dangling wires, unfamiliar wires, or wires that do not go anywhere • Unusual fingerprints (oil/greasy)

33. VBIED: Indicators of Tampering on Cargo Carrier Cont. • Bulky items in compartment or cargo area concealed from view • False compartments

34. person-borne Improvised explosive devices

35. PBIED: Overview • Definition: An IED worn or carried by an individual, usually a “suicide bomber” • About: • Suicide bombers often hide PBIEDs underneath clothing or carry them in a bag, backpack, or other container commonly seen at bus terminals • Suicide bombers often have an accomplice nearby capable of detonating the PBIED remotely

36. PBIED: Overview Cont. • Your Responsibility: • Be aware of potential PBIED indicators • Immediately report potential PBIED indicators to appropriate authorities

37. PBIED: Indicators • Heavy clothing inconsistent with weather conditions • Repeatedly patting exterior clothing (to ensure concealed items are intact) • Bulges observed under clothing, particularly around the midsection • Holding one or both arms in an unnatural position, with closed fist(s) • Hiding or obscuring hands from view

38. PBIED: Indicators Cont. • Attempting to “blend in” with others in crowd • Avoiding contact with or observation by law enforcement or security personnel • A “distant” or “blank” look and failure to respond to verbal commands

39. Bomb threats

40. Bomb Threat: Overview • Definition: A phone call, letter, or email indicating a bomb will or may detonate in a given location • About: Bomb threats usually occur via phone and should be taken seriously until proven otherwise

41. Bomb Threat: Overview Cont. • Your Responsibility: • Be aware of applicable bomb threat procedures and checklists • Act quickly, remain calm, and obtain as much information as possible

42. Bomb Threat: Procedures - DOs • Keep the caller on the line for as long as possible; DO NOT HANG UP, even if the caller does • Listen carefully, be polite, and show interest • Try to keep the caller talking to learn more information • If possible, write a note to a colleague to call the authorities or, as soon as the caller hangs up, immediately notify them yourself

43. Bomb Threat: Procedures – DOs Cont. • Copy the number and/or letters on your phone’s display • Complete the Bomb Threat Checklist immediately; write down as much detail as possible, to include exact words of the caller • Immediately upon termination of the call, do not hang up, but from a different phone (do not use cellular phone), contact the police

44. Bomb Threat: Procedures – DON’Ts • Do not use two-way radios or cellular phone; radio signals have the potential to detonate a bomb • Do not evacuate the building until police arrive and evaluate the threat • Do not activate the fire alarm • Do not touch or move a suspicious package

45. Bomb Threat: Stand-Off Distances

46. conclusion