Department of Science & Technology Technology Bhavan New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi

1. Department of Science & TechnologyTechnology BhavanNew Mehrauli Road, New Delhi SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN INDIA AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING 5th March, 2012 Satish S. Sonwane (Scientist/SERC Division) Website: www.dst.gov.in

2. Science & Innovation • "The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.” • "Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone." Albert Einstein

3. Department of Science and Technology Earlier existed a National Committee for Science & Technology (NCST) Formed as a separate Department of Science & Technology in May, 1971 with responsibility of implementing the S&T policy Role of DST • Strengthen R & D base of the country • Main Public Policy support body for Science and Technology • Major agency for promotion of basic sciences with a share of nearly 50% of extramural funding • Plays a critical role in the technology development of international cooperation in Science and Technology

4. Direct Beneficiaries of DST • ~ 45% funding share goes to cater funding need of scientific community. • Provides support to • 15 Autonomous Scientific Research Institutions • 4 Special Institutions and 5 Professional Bodies each one with different characteristics • Has strong linkages with society through various schemes under the societal programs • Provides support to S&T based entrepreneurship and technology development programs. • Serves as supporting arm of the Government for S&T based International diplomacy • Houses its sister organizations namely Survey of India & National Thematic Mapping Organization

5. JNSCASR, RRI,IIA, IACS, Bose, SNBOSE, ARIES, CLCR, IASST ISCA 15 Research institutions; 4 Specialist institutions; 5 Professional bodies promoting science

6. Research & Development Programmes • Science & Engineering Research Council (SERC Programme) • Intensification of Research in High Priority Areas (IRHPA) • Fund for Infrastructure in S&T Departments in Universities & Academic Institutions (FIST) • Opportunities for Young Scientist (SwarnaJayanti Fellowship, Fast Track & BOYSCAST etc.) • Earth System Sciences & Climate Change Programme • Fellowships for “active” researchers and NRIs for working in India – Ramanujan and JC Bose Fellowships • National S&T Management Information System Programme • Kishore Vaigyanik Prothsahan Yojana (KVPY) • Integrated Science Olympiad Programme • Utilization of Scientific Expertise of Retired Scientist • International Travel Support Scheme • Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF) • Support to Seminar/Symposia • SERC Visiting Lecturership Scheme www.serc-dst.orgwww.fist-dst.orgwww.nstmis-dst.org

7. Research & Development ProgrammesScience & Engineering Research Council (SERC) • ONLYand MAJORSource of Extramural funding for Scientists & Engineers ACROSS DISCIPLINES and INSTITUTIONS. Our website : www.serc-dst.org

8. Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) • Established in 1974 and is an apex body for promoting R&D programmes in emerging, inter-disciplinary and frontier areas • Composed of eminent scientists and technologists • Special thrust to nurture scientific activities and promote scientific excellence in the academic sector. • Centers of excellence in diverse fields of S&T enhancing research capabilities with facilities for attracting young researchers • The programmes are selected through PAC - plays a proactive role in identifying challenging areas of research and support proposals with well defined objectives

9. ObjectivesofSERC • To promote research in newly emerging and frontline areas of Science & Engineering including multidisciplinary fields. • To selectively promote the general research capability in relevant areas of Science & Engineering, taking into account research capabilities of host institutions. • To encourage young scientists and women scientists to take up challenging R&D activities. • To facilitate creation of R&D infrastructure to enhance research capability of Universities & Academic Institutions

11. Research and Development Support Science & Engineering Research Promotion Project support to individual scientists and engineers Core group support Centres of excellence Establishment of major Research facilities Human Resources Development

13. SERC Support – Institution Wise2006-2007 Total number of projects sanctioned during 07-08 is 645 with an average project cost of ~130% of previous year TOTAL AMOUNT Rs. 9228.9 Lakhs (445 Projects)

15. MeRC Penetration of the Programme-Geographical distribution (2004-07)

16. PAC • Identify priority and thrust areas requiring attention. • Prepares state-of-art report and suggest plan of action. • Evolve and formulate programmes for overall development of the area. • Organize SERC schools; workshops, and other training programmes

17. Scientist/Engineer Principal Investigator Proposal Transfer to relevant PAC Transfer to other schemes Transfer to relevant S&T agency Peer Review Presentation by PI In absentia PAC Discussion Recommend Regret Reformulate Reconsider SERC Approve Project Proposal- Evaluation Mechanism

18. Budget support per scientist and S&T output indicators correlate • SERC provides approximately Rs 12-13 lakhs per scientist per year • CSIR for their intramural research provide about Rs 23-25 Lakh per scientist per year • DST supported laboratories receive about Rs 50-55 lakhs per scientist per year • Institutions like IISc receive about Rs 65-70 lakhs per faculty from various sources • Within each administrative system (for example with CSIR or DST/DBT institutions) also a qualitative correlation between S&T output indicators and inputs through budget support per scientist is evident. S&T OUTPUT INDICATORS Budget support per scientist in different streams (in lakhs)

19. SERC – Major Developments • Enlarge R&D base in the country and improve functional processes & efficiency • Mentorship scheme for PIs introduced • 600+ proposals at a cost of Rs 170+ crores sanctioned during 2008-2009 as against 313 proposals with an outlay of Rs 68 crores during the corresponding period in 2006 • Initiated a special package for Science Education in North East Region with an outlay of Rs 70 crores & similar package initiated for J&K • Launch of Nano Mission in May 2007 • With an outlay of Rs 1000 crores • Proposal for establishment of three new centers for Nano Science and Technology at Bangalore, Kolkata, Mohali has been approved • Support to initiate PG Courses and PhD in reputed labs and Universities supported by DST. 400 students registered under these initiatives.

20. Earth & Atmospheric Sciences • Deep Continental Studies • Integrated geological & geophysical studies • HIMPROBE project to study geodynamic process of Himalayas • Database management system for precambian ore deposits • Monsoon and Tropical Climate (MONTCLIM) • Studies on atmospheric dynamics and modelling • Studies on ocean-atmosphere coupling • Studies on atmospheric chemistry and agrometeorology • Indian Climate Research Programme • Empirical prediction of the Indian summer monsoon • Role of snow in the prediction of seasonal mean monsoon rainfall • Arabian sea monsoon experiment • Himalayan Glaciology • Multidisciplinary programme on Gangotri glacier • Studies on Dokriani Bamak Glacier • Studies on snow pack characteristics thru microwave remote sensing

21. Opportunities for Young Scientists SwarnaJayanti Fellowship Instituted to commemorate 50th Year of our independence Support to rigorously selected few number of Young Scientists (between 30 and 40 years of age), with proven track record to pursue “quality” basic research in frontier areas of S&T Award includes citation and fellowship of Rs 25,000/- pm (in addition to salary drawn) In addition grants for equipment, computational & communication facilities, national & international travel etc. is provided. Fast Track Scheme for Young Scientist A quick decision channel to support innovative and exciting ideas of young scientists below 35 in project mode. Relaxation of 5 years for submission of proposalsto Young Scientists in SC/ST/ OBC category and also for Women Scientists and Physically Handicapped Scientists. Support up to Rs 17 lakhs (including fellowship) for projects with maximum 3 years duration Young Scientists not drawing any salary/ fellowship are eligible to draw a lump sum fellowship of Rs 20,000/- pm Projects can now be submitted any time of the year

22. Opportunities for Young Scientists - DST • BOYSCAST Fellowships • support to young scientists below 35 years for training in chosen areas of advanced research at reputed International labs and Institutions • areas identified include Artificial Intelligence & Robotics, Biotechnology, Materials Science etc. • SERC Schools • exposure to selected post doctoral level scientists in specific areas such as Advanced Manufacturing, Nuclear Physics etc. • SERC Visiting Fellowships • support to scientists/ academicians from less endowed institutions/ University Departments for working in reputed Indian lab/ Institution • Contact Programmes • Young Scientists in Societal programmes • Indo-Japan Cooperative Science programme • State Councils for S&T - Andhra Pradesh, Manipur, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh are the most active states. • Encouraging participation in International Conferences abroad • Encouragement by Professional Bodies like INSA, IAS, and INAE through citation awards and fellowships. • DST-JNC Students Fellowships (>125 fellowships)

23. WOMEN SCIENTISTS SCHEME (WOS) • Provide opportunities to women scientists who desire work as bench-level scientists or get engaged in S&T based self-employment. • Help them re-enter into mainstream science and provide a launch pad for them for further forays into the field of Science and Technology 3 Categories of Women Scholarships • WOS-A - to pursue research in frontier areas of Science and Engineering • WOS-B - to pursue research on societal problems requiring S&T intervention • WOS-C - for undergoing S&T-based internship leading to self-employment

24. Four slab support system to strengthen infrastructure has been developed during 2007- 08. • Support to undergraduate colleges extended • Parameters altered to spread the scheme to areas like NE Region & J&K • Higher Rigorous criteria evolved for elite institutions • Proactive support system Science & Engineering Research Promotion Two-tier Mechanism - Subject Expert Committee & FIST Advisory Board (FISTAB) for identification & recommendation of support.

25. Output & Outcome Indicators • Leads to about 1200 papers annually with an average per paper impact factor rating of about 2.2 • Evidence for enrollment of about 100 new entrants to research through FIST support to academic sector • 20 International & National patents • Approx. 100 PCT filing through PFC. • Widening the network through encouragement of large number of Women & Young Scientists(500) • 1000 plus Scientists including Young Scientists supported for International S&T Conferences abroad.

26. Some Recent Initiatives • Enlarging the scope of successful ongoing and established schemes by connecting science with industry • Generating new processes or structures for enhancing performance efficiency of EMR funding • Initiating new programmes/ schemes, Autonomous institutions, with focus on long term horizon and strengthening of S&T • Recent Focus: • attraction of youth to science – launch of INSPIRE • rejuvenation of research in the university • Expand the FIST to undergraduate science education • Introduce mentoring support for EMR funding scheme • leveraging partnerships and alliances • Interdisciplinary projects • fostering an innovation landscape

27. Some Recent Initiatives Ramanujan Fellowship: • For those renowned NRI Scientists who want to return to India and continue research in Academic Institutes/ Universities or National Labs. • The Fellow should be nominated by the Head of the Institute/ University or Lab which wants his services for award of Fellowship • Below 60 years and should have outstanding scientific record. • Fellowship Rs.75000/- consolidated with Contingency grant of Rs 500000/- • Total duration is of 5 years. J.C. Bose Fellowship: • The Fellow should have outstanding record of research through publication, patents etc. and should be nominated by the Head of the Institute/ University or National Lab for the award of Fellowship. • Age should be below 60 yrs. • Fellowship – Rs.20,000/- p.m. in addition to regular income. • Duration – 5 years. Ramanna Fellowship: • This Fellowship is awarded to those PIs who have “excellent” output in two projects supported by DST • An award of Fellowship of Rs 5000/- pm apart from his salary is provided along with grant of Rs 10.00 lakh per year for a duration of 3 years

28. SERC - R&D BUDGET (1997-2009) IX FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD X FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD

29. Technology Development • Technology Systems Programme • Supports projects with defined objectives • Specific Expert Groups involved in evolving and monitoring projects • Technology Development Board • Since inception in 1996, TDB has so far signed 300+ agreements, spread over 19 States/Union Territories. • TDB has disbursed so far Rs 1600+ crore. • Projects cover various segments- Health and Medical, Chemicals, Engineering, Transport, Telecommunication, Information Technology, Agriculture and Waste Utilization. • The technology providers included in-house R&D units in the industry, national laboratories, academic institutions, etc. • Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Research • To synergise the strengths of publicly funded R&D institutions and Indian Pharmaceutical Industry. • To create an enabling infrastructure, mechanisms and linkages to facilitate new drug development. • To stimulate skill development of human resources in R&D for drugs and pharmaceuticals; and • To enhance the nation’s self-reliance in drugs and pharmaceuticals especially in areas critical to national health requirements.

30. Home Grown Technology • Technology Vision 2020 Mission • Fly Ash Utilization Programme • Sugar Technology Mission • Textile Machinery Sector • Mission REACH • Food Processing Sector • Patent Facilitating Cell - www.tifac.org.in &www.indianpatents.org • Technology Business Incubator (TBI) – 2000-01 • To catalyze development & growth of Technology based start- up enterprises thru’ • Providing support services including high quality work space during the “Incubation Period” • Reduces initial investment through shared facilities • Thus Enhancing survival rate of start-ups • TBIs promoted at NOIDA ( IT related ), Chennai (Biotechnology), Bangalore (Composite Materials) • Technopreneur Promotion Programme (TePP) - Joint initiative with CSIR for prototype development extended to almost 75 new technopreneurs Technology Development

31. New Inter-Governmental Arrangements • Agreements (EU, Nepal, Sudan, Thailand) • Programmes of Cooperation(Egypt, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Vietnam) • Memorandum of Understanding(Brazil, China, Portugal) • New Centres of Excellence • Indo-Russian Centre for Biotechnology at Allahabad and Centre for Ayurvedic Research at Moscow Students Meeting with Noble Laureate at Lindau • Access to International Facilities • SPRing – 8 (Japan), Photon Factory – KEK (Japan), Synchrotron Elettra (Italy), Bessy (Germany), Kurchatov (Russia) • Joint ProjectsChina, Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Japan, Poland, Ukraine, Vietnam, France, UK, USA • FellowshipsRussia, Japan International S&T Programmes

32. International S&T Programmes • New Initiatives • Indo-US S&T Forum • Indo-Israel Industrial R&D Cooperation • Indo-Russian Centre for Ayurvedic Research • BIMSTEC Centre for Weather & Climate • Indo-French Networking Research programmes (lasers, Organic Synthesis, Bio-informatics) • India-Brazil-South Africa Cooperation in S&T • Indo-Swiss Cooperation in Genomics & IT Application • Max Planck Partner Groups in India

33. Popularizing Science & Technology-NCSTC • Science Express – An exhibition on train visited by billions of school children • Manovodayam – 26 episode TV serial in 4 languages on “Human Evolution” • National Youth Science Festival jointly with Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan • Setting up Ruchi Ram Sahni Chair for UNESCO Kalinga Award winner • Children Science Congress strengthened with linkages with INTEL Science Fair • Science Teachers Congress since last 3 years • Science Quiz & related on Television and AIR • Science & Society Programme • Science & Technology Application for Rural Development. • Science & Technology Application for Weaker Section. • Young Scientists for Societal Programmes. • Science & Technology for Women • Tribal Sub-Plan • Special Component Plan S&T Intervention for Societal Development

34. S&T Intervention for Societal Development • Natural Resources Data Management Systems • GIS Database Centers set up in Karnataka, UP, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand States. • Studies on Modelling of Hydrology of Small Watersheds • Bio-geo database of Himalaya • Landslide Hazard Mitigation • Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA) • Neighbourhood Mapping • State S&T Programmes for Regional Development • Professional S&T Secretariat in new State Chhatisgarh • Jai Vigyan S&T Mission on A&N Islands activated through location specific projects • Demonstration Projects in various States • Plasma Pyrolysis Plastic Waste disposal at HP, Sikkim, Goa & A&N • Micro Hydel Projects at Nagaland and Manipur • Hand pump attached with defluoridation unit in Rajasthan • Natural Dyes for Woollen produce in Uttaranchal • Reverse Osmosis Plants for hard/ brackish water in Rajasthan & Gujarat • Regional Meetings of State Councils to facilitate information dissemination

35. National S&T Entrepreneurship Development • To create excitement concerning advances in Science & Technology • To enable informed decision-making at the grass roots • To encourage intelligent debate on developmental issues • To promote the growth of a 3-tier structure at the district, state and central levels for providing integrated assistance to S&T entrepreneurs; • To act as a technical consultancy organisation of the government for promotion of entrepreneurship and gainful self-employment, and providing information on self-employment avenues and schemes to S&T persons on a "single window" basis; • To organise employment camps in academic institutions and promote awareness on entrepreneurship; • To promote group self-employment, and • To promote national and regional institutions for training in entrepreneurship and management skills and re-training in technical skills. • Programmes • Entrepreneurship Awareness Camp (EAC) • Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) • Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC) • Science & Technology Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) • Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Development Scheme (STEDS) • Faculty Development Programme (FDP) • Skill Training Through Science & Technology (STST) S&T Intervention for Societal Development

36. Survey of India • Creation of Digital Topographical Database and related tasks for 160 sheets on various scales • Proposal for new series of maps based on WGS-84 datum accepted and initiated with Everest Spheroid • National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation(NATMO) • Economic S & T Atlas for 12 areas. • New Map Policy declared S&T Based Surveys and Services

37. Main Functions Strengthening & widening the S&T base & foundation of India Nodal department for S&T related policies/programs/ data bases/out reach of science Supporting programs and institutions that serve a long term purpose Serving the main agent of change for the public arm of the R&D base Should act as consulting arm of the Government for connecting S&T to other Departments of the Government thus delivering value added services Basis for Program Selection Benefits in long term horizon Perceived Need Desirable hope Spread effects and inclusiveness of benefits Focus on outcome ahead of outputs Supporting people centric programs and innovations Building public awareness of science Department of Science & Technology

38. New Initiatives – 11th Plan Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Pursuit in Universities for Research & Excellence (PURSE & CURIE) Innovation cluster Technologies for Safe Drinking water Technologies for Security Cognition science Mega Research facilities Water & Solar Energy Mission

39. New Initiatives Water Technology Focused on technologies for drinking water for decentralized applications. Also linked to a programme of Ministry of Rural Development (Drinking water supply) Cognition Science A combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches led to emergence of two networked and coordinated projects and total of 18 individual project proposals for funding Security Technology Nationally coordinated research initiative with IISc as nodal institution Also linked to some programmes with NTRO Solar Energy Research A PAN-India research Initiative on solar energy research has been mounted. Programme has linkages with MNRE as well as EU, UK and some international S&T cooperation

40. New Initiatives Innovation cluster Working with NASSCOM, a new initiative has been launched for innovation clusters in select and target areas Mega science Indian beam line at Japan, precursor projects on FAIR have been initiated already Preparation of DPR for India’s plan for Extremely Large Telescope Facilities has been commissioned PURSE: Promotion of University Research for Scientific Excellence Evidence based and performance linked Incentive research grant systems for 14 universities has been launched CURIE for Women Universities Research infrastructure creation support for exclusive “women only” universities has been launched

41. What does INSPIRE aim at? A science aware youth population Citizenry with ambitions to compete globally through professional accomplishments Scheme for Early Attraction of Talent (SEAT) Attraction of talent to study science and careers with research in a competitive environment for talents Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE)& Assured Opportunity in Research Career (AORC) 1000 positions per year of INSPIRE Scholars in future; Desires higher enrollment of industry in R&D with creation of higher value employment for scientists leading to larger R&D base

42. INSPIRE – an INSPIRATION 1 Million Science Award @ Rs 5000 per month 10-15 Yrs excitements 15-17 Yrs Motivating experience Summer Camp with science leaders INSPIRE 17-22 yrs funding With mentoring Scholarships In Higher Education (SHE) 22-27 Yrs Scholarship building Assured Opportunity in Research (AORC) 27-32 Yrs Career opportunity

43. Salient Features of the INSPIRE • No additional or separate examination system for identification of talent in any component of the scheme • Expected to attract talent, foster creativity, motivate youth and promote research as a career • Direct release of Awards and Fellowships to students • Enrollment of Banks and NIC/NISTADS as partners for database generation and management • Involvement of Academia, Scientific Community/Industry and Stakeholders

44. WAR for Water • S&T Mission for ‘Winning, Augmentation and Renovation’ of water • Started with SC Judgment to find ways of easing water shortage through R&D • focusing on inexpensive methods of converting saline water into fresh water • Harnessing rain water through rain water harvesting techniques • Manage excess water in the floods by diverting to drought areas • Inexpensive and practical method of utilizing the Himalayan water • Treatment of waste water so that it might be recycled and available as potable water; and • Any other methods or suggestions including on matters for protection and preservation of wet lands and matters connected thereto. • WAR for WaterS&T Mission for ‘Winning, Augmentation and Renovation’ of water

45. How to evolve a project • Brief background about the identified area • Choose gap that you want to target • Bibliography (International & National) • Objectives (write clearly) • Methodology of targeting the identified gap (there could be one or more method) • Time Schedule & Budget breakup

46. DST’s COMPLEX ROLE IN THE S&T SYSTEM S & T DEPARTMENTS S & T - ECO TECHNOLOGY (TDB), (TIFAC) (Drugs & Pharma) (HGT) SCIENCE (SERC) DS&T Research Opportunities Technology Transfer S & T INTERNATIONAL S & T INDUSTRY SOCIETY S & T RURAL DEVELOPMENT WELFARE TECHNICAL EDUCATION SCIENTIFIC SERVICES

47. "It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change."Charles Darwin • "The reason why the universe is eternal is that it does not live for itself; it gives life to others as it transforms"Lao Tzu THANK YOU