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Two Types of Reproduction

Two Types of Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. used by some plant and invertebrate species requires 1 parent offspring are genetically identical to the parent uses body cells. Body Cells. called somatic cells (somato- means “body” )

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Two Types of Reproduction

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  1. Two Types of Reproduction

  2. Asexual Reproduction • used by some plant and invertebrate species • requires 1 parent • offspring are genetically identical to the parent • uses body cells

  3. Body Cells • called somatic cells (somato- means“body”) • body cells are diploid = contain 2 sets (pairs) of chromosomes (diplo- means“double”) • made by the process of mitosisthroughout the entire body

  4. Steps of Asexual Reproduction • Body cells are made by mitosis

  5. Steps of Asexual Reproduction • The organism undergoes binary fission, budding or regeneration to create an offspring

  6. used by most species requires male and female offspring are genetically different from the parents Sexual Reproduction

  7. Gametes cells are haploid = contain 1 set (single) of chromosomes (haplo- means“single”) made by the process of meiosis inside reproductive organs Gametes Cells

  8. Steps of Sexual Reproduction • Gametes cells are made by meiosis (like “double mitosis”) Cells divide twice

  9. Steps of Sexual Reproduction • Male and female gamete cells come together to form one body cell (called a zygote) Cell from male parent Cell from female parent zygote

  10. Steps of Sexual Reproduction • The zygote undergoes mitosis repeatedly until it develops into a complete organism Etc…

  11. Memory Phrase Meosis made ME-osis Mitosis made my-TOES-es

  12. Mitosis

  13. mitosis • mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus in which the chromosomes in the parent cell divide into two identical sets • mitosis occurs in somatic cell = body cells • The function of mitosis is to divide the nucleusso that new cells can receive the same chromosomes • Cell division occurs in a series of stages, or phases

  14. Interphase (Intro) • 'living' phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients, grows, copies its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions • Chromosomes are copied (# doubles): This gives a total of 2 x 46 chromosomes (92) • Prepares for cell division • The chromosomes are not visible and the DNA appears as uncoiled chromatin.

  15. Prophase (Prepare) • Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • chromatin coils and forms chromosomes • Each chromatid pair (or pairs of chromosomes) is joined together, forming an 'x-shaped' • The nuclear membrane, nuculeolus, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex break up • Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell • Spindle fibers form between the poles Sister chromatids Centromere

  16. Metaphase (Middle) • The chromosomes meet in the middle of the cell • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers Sister chromatids

  17. Anaphase (Away) • Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate • Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell towards the poles • Chromatids end up at opposite poles Sister Chromatids split

  18. Telophase (The end) • Identical set of chromatids at opposite poles • Centrioles and spindle fibers disappear • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods) • Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform • Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells - each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes • Cytoplasm pinches inward

  19. Cytokinesis • cytokinesis is the division of the cell = 2 daughter cells • animal cells • cell pinches inward to form two daughter cells • plant cells • cell forms a cell plate which develops into a cells wall separating two daughter cells

  20. Onion Root Tip http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/01.html

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