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Sugarcane Trash and Whole Cane Pyrolysis in Brazil

Sugarcane Trash and Whole Cane Pyrolysis in Brazil. Luís Cortez UNICAMP/FAPESP. 3rd ISBUC Meeting Mauritius, 29-30 June 2009. State University of Campinas UNICAMP. State University of Campinas UNICAMP. Not used in the “old production model”. Sugarcane Trash. Harvest (green cane)

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Sugarcane Trash and Whole Cane Pyrolysis in Brazil

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  1. Sugarcane Trash and Whole Cane Pyrolysis in Brazil Luís Cortez UNICAMP/FAPESP 3rd ISBUC Meeting Mauritius, 29-30 June 2009

  2. State University of CampinasUNICAMP State University of CampinasUNICAMP

  3. Not used in the “old production model” Sugarcane Trash Harvest (green cane) Sugarcane trash left on the soil Level of harvest mechanization: São Paulo State: 50-60% Brazil: 35-40% Manual harvesting(cane burning) The sugarcane trash is burned to increase the harvest yield

  4. “NEW PRODUCTION MODEL” USE OF SUGARCANE TRASH RECOVERY OF SUGARCANE TRASH AFTER HARVEST Harvesting: sugarcane trash scattered field Accumulation of sugarcane trash Packing: to increase density for transport Sugarcane trashbales Transport

  5. CONVERSION OF SUGARCANE TRASH INTO BIOFUEL • Biochemical routes Acid hydrolysis Enzymatic hydrolysis • Termochemical routes Fast pyrolysis Gasification Gasification + catalytic conversion

  6. WHAT IS PYROLYSIS? Pyrolysis is a thermochemical conversion process. It is characterized by the thermal degradation of a solid fuel with restricted oxygen supply. It can be used to convert biomass into value added products. • Primary products formed during pyrolysis of biomass: • Charcoal • Bio-oil (Formed mainly by phenolic derivatives) • Acid (Formed by carboxylic acids)

  7. Pyrolysis plant ( PPR-200) Partnership Unicamp and Bioware Nominal capacity: 200 kg/h dry biomass Operating temperature range: 450-500oC Average yields: 30% bio-oil, 20% charcoal, 10% acid, 40% gases

  8. Background of the biomass pyrolysis pilot plantPPR-200 1996: First prototype built with TERMOQUIP cooperation 1998: The reactor was used for biomass gasification

  9. 2001: Reactor used for charcoal production

  10. 2004: Modification to increase liquids products yield

  11. 2007: Tests with whole Cane

  12. 1. Feeding silo 2. Feeding screw 3. Fluidized bed reactor 4. Cyclone 1 5. Cyclone 2 6. Recovery system of bio-oil and acid 7. Acid reservoir 8. System charcoal extraction 9. Charcoal storage silo 10. Combustion chamber 11. Chimney 12. Heat exchanger 13. Hot gas blower 14. Atmospheric air blower Schematics of the fast pyrolysis plant PPR-200

  13. Fast pyrolysisreactor plant PPR-200 Reactor technical specifications Main physicochemical properties of silica sand

  14. Bio-oil separation column Unicamp/Bioware developed a commercial prototype to cool the gas, use centrifugation to separate the mist and condensate the bio-oil. Phase separation into aqueous and oil phases

  15. Power required in the pyrolysis plant 8.65 kW

  16. PPR-200 plant in operation Cyclones for separation of fine Charcoal Reactor Feeding silo Feeding screw Fine charcoal

  17. Combustion chamber Acid Reservoir Pyrolysis gases

  18. Extraction of bio-oil

  19. 8.65 kW 137.6 kW Other (gas + loss) 248.4 kW 311 kW 220 kW Energy balance PPR-200 8.65 kW

  20. Some biomass tested in PPR-200 Fast pyrolysis requires small-particle biomass in the range of 2 to 4 mm and moisture content up to 15% wt.

  21. Products yield for some types of biomass processed in PPR-200

  22. Fast pyrolysisapplication products

  23. Pyrolysis tests with sugarcane trash and whole cane

  24. Present situation in Brazil • the “Brazilian Model” of simultaneous production of sugar and ethanol may be reaching its maximum (today 40-60%): • 60% of fuel used in light vehicles (domestic market) • 30% of world sugar exports (foreign trade) • Which are the new possibilities for Brazilian sugarcane?

  25. Whole Cane vs “By-Products” Approach • most likely other production models will appear, such as “new energy plants”, dedicated only to produce ethanol, electricity and bio-products (e.g. plastics) • in Brazil, it makes sense to produce electricity from lignocellulosic by-products because we will have difficulties to expand electricity generation using hydro resources (Amazon) • another way: to convert the “whole cane” (sugars, bagasse and trash) with minimum energy use, into products that can either enter in an oil refinery or be transformed...

  26. Energy content of one ton of sugarcane (*) Bagasse moisture: 50% (**) Sugarcane trash moisture: 15%

  27. Sugarcane trash reception and pre-treatment

  28. Whole cane reception and pre-treatment Whole Cane Milling Drying

  29. Ultimate and Proximate chemical analysis of sugarcane trash

  30. Proximate analysis of bio-oil from whole sugarcane and sugarcane trash

  31. Ultimate analysis of bio-oil from whole sugarcane and sugarcane trash

  32. Pyrolysis productivity (sugarcane trash x whole cane) (*) Bio-oil + Charcoal

  33. Whole cane pyrolysis x Ethanol fermentation (*) Energy products/Energy primary sugarcane Not considering drying energy

  34. The future may be “BTL” Whole cane (880 GJ/ha) Pyrolysis (Conversion efficiency= 80%) 704 GJ/ha Gasification (Conversion efficiency= 90%) 633.6 GJ/ha Synthesis FT (Conversion efficiency= 90%) Bio-fuels 570 GJ/ha Overall efficiency: 65%

  35. Thank you!

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