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Small Wind Systems: Clean Energy for New Jersey Homes, Farms, and Businesses

Small Wind Systems: Clean Energy for New Jersey Homes, Farms, and Businesses. Mike Bergey Bergey Windpower Co. mbergey@bergey.com. Bergey Windpower Co. A World Leader in Small Wind. BWC Established in 1977 (sole survivor from “energy crisis”) Serve Consumer, Commercial, and Industrial Markets

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Small Wind Systems: Clean Energy for New Jersey Homes, Farms, and Businesses

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  1. Small Wind Systems:Clean Energy for New Jersey Homes, Farms, and Businesses Mike BergeyBergey Windpower Co.mbergey@bergey.com

  2. Bergey Windpower Co.A World Leader in Small Wind • BWC Established in 1977 (sole survivor from “energy crisis”) • Serve Consumer, Commercial, and Industrial Markets • Installations in All 50 U.S. States and Over 90 Countries • 400 U.S. and 300 foreign dealers • World’s leading supplier of residential wind turbines • Subsidiary in China (Beijing Bergey Windpower Ltd.)

  3. Military Atlantic Ocean Health Clinic Afghanistan Residential Montana Farm New York

  4. New Jersey Installations 10 kW, Farm, Chesterfield, NJ 10 kW, Liberty Science CenterJersey City, NJ

  5. Awaiting the 3rd Coming of Small Wind 1st Coming: Mechanical Windmills: 1890 – 1930 (and lingering still today) Aermotor Windmill Factory at 110 S. Jefferson, Chicago, ~ 1895 (3.4 miles from here) Ida Noyes Hall, Univ. of Chicago. Built by LaVerrne Noyes, President of Aermotor Windmill

  6. Awaiting the 3rd Coming of Small Wind 2nd Coming: Pre-REA Electrification: 1920 – 1950 (and resurgent today on a limited basis) Zenith Farm Radio and Wincharger Jacobs Wind Electric Paris-Dunn

  7. Awaiting the 3rd Coming of Small Wind 3rd Coming False-Start No. 2: Village Electrification, 1980 - Today 3rd Coming False-Start No. 1: Oil Crisis: 1975 - 1985 Small Wind Turbines in China Popular Science, July 1982

  8. People Want Energy Alternatives Coal is too dirty, natural gas is too volatile, and consumers feel trapped

  9. Fuel Cells: Not a source of energy! “Please give me something that will lower my electric bills, will help the environment, and that I can afford” Solar-Thermal Wind Solar-PV

  10. Statusof theTechnologies Photovoltaics Solar Thermal Small Wind Status Commercial Demo Commercial Installed Cost $ 9 / Watt $ 15 / Watt $ 4 / Watt Payback Period 30 Years 30+ Years 15 Years Cost Potential $ 3 in 2010 ? $ 1.50 in 2010 Southwest Typical Site Suburban Rural Available Resources Poor - Good Poor - Good Poor - Great Clean Distributed GenerationRenewables for Homes, Farms, and Businesses

  11. 10 kW 50 kW Modern Small Wind Turbines:Not Your Grandfather’s Windcharger • Definition: Under 100 kW • Aerospace Technology • Sophisticated, but Simple • Proven: ~ 5,000 On-Grid • American Companies are the Market and Technology Leaders 400 W 1 kW (Not to scale)

  12. How They Work Mechanical Simplicity ... Few Moving Parts • The blades act like wings of an airplane – capturing the energy in the wind • The blades turn a generator that converts blade rotation into electricity • The tail keeps the blades facing the wind • In high winds, the blades turn sideways to limit speed Tower

  13. Small Wind Applications – Off-Grid Hybrid Power Systems Wind-Electric Pumping Systems Wind Home Systems

  14. Small Wind Applications - On-Grid Grid-Intertie Intertie + Back-up

  15. Rural Residential Wind TYPICAL HOME SYSTEM • 10 kW (23 ft. Rotor Diameter) • Rural Site, 1 Acre or More • Connected to House Wiring • Produces ~ 13,000 kWh per Year • Offsets ~ 7 Tons of CO2 per Year • Excess Power Sold to Utility (PURPA) • Either Net Metering or Very Low Buy-Back Rate • Cost: ~ $35,000 - $50,000

  16. Grid-Intertie System • Variable Speed Wind Turbine, with Inverter • No Batteries • Grid-Connect Through Dedicated Breaker in AC Load Center • Simultaneous Supply from Turbine and Utility … Not “Either or” • Turbine Production Reduces Purchase of Utility Power • Excess Production Sold to Utility • System Shuts Down During Outage • Easily Retrofitted to Existing Facilities

  17. System Components:Wind Turbine – Bergey Excel-S • Rated at 10 kW at 30 mph • 22 ft. Diameter Rotor • ~ 900 Installed • 5 Year Warranty • No Scheduled Maintenance • 30 Year Design

  18. System Components: Inverter – Bergey GridTek 10 • Converts Wind Power into Utility Power – Power Processor • Standards: UL 1741, IEEE 929, IEEE 519 • No risk to utility lineman during outages

  19. Interconnection • Industry Experience: 400+ Million Operating Hours at Thousands of Sites – No Safety Issues • PURPA 210, Qualifying Facility • State Implementation Rules Differ • Net Metering (Energy Banking) for Small Systems in ~ 36 States • Utility Interconnection Agreement Required • UL and IEEE Standards for Safety and Power Quality

  20. Permits • Building Permit Usually Required • Industry Design Standards Exceed Building Code Requirements for Wind Loading • Height Restrictions are the Most Common Problem: 35 ft. in Many Areas • Need 80 – 120 ft Towers • Neighbor’s Concerns: Noise, Aesthetics, Property Values … NIMBY & Neighborhood Politics

  21. Case Study: Farm with Wind System • Southwestern Kansas • Bergey Windpower Excel wind turbine 10 kW, 23 ft rotor, 100 ft tower • ~21,000 kWh/year generation, utility bill savings ~$2,800/year • Installed in early 1980s, ~$25,000, received federal tax credit • Maintenance costs $50/year • One lightning strike, damage was covered by farm insurance

  22. Typical Customer • 1 acre of property or more • $100 / month electric bill or more • DOE Class 2 wind resource or better(over 50% of theU.S.) • State subsidy program

  23. Typical Customer … Tomorrow? • Single family dwelling • Any size electric bill • DOE Class 2 wind resource or better(over 50% of the “inhabited” U.S.) • No or minimal subsidy • Monthly payment for wind system ~ equal to utility bill savings

  24. U.S. Market Potential: It’s Big! • Residential Electricity Consumption Exceeds Either Commercial or Industrial (35% of U.S. Sales in 1998) • 20.6 Million Homes have 1 Acre or More • 30.4 Million Homes have ½ Acre or More • 4.6 Million Commercial Buildings • Estimated 50%+ are in Class 2 Winds or better Arthur D. Little, 1981:3.8 Million Units 4 - 8 Million Market Potential: Units by 2020

  25. Strategic Plan For Small Wind Turbine Technology American Wind Energy Association & US-DOE 2002 Available On-line: http://www.awea.org/smallwind/ documents/31958.pdf

  26. New Jersey Wind Resources High-Res (800m)Wind Map Now Available Recommend 5 m/s for Small Wind

  27. New Jersey Market PotentialOver 1/4 Million Rural Homes & Businesses • 1981 Arthur D. Little Study for US-DOE Showed a Potential Market of 234,000 Small Wind Systems In New Jersey • Today, That Equals Over 290,000 Rural Homes & Businesses, or ~ 2,900 MW • Potential Market of ~ $ 6 Billion • Market Barriers are Significant

  28. Barriers to the MarketWhy Aren’t There More Small Turbines • Equipment Costs too Much! (Low Production Volumes & Shortage of Subsidies) • Zoning / Permits: 35’ Height Restrictions in Residential Zones, NIMBY’s

  29. New Technology is Lowering Costs US-DOE Advanced Small Wind Turbine Program + Industry Funded R&D • Advanced Airfoils • “Super-Magnet” Generators • Low Cost Manufacturing • Smart Power Electronics • Stealth: Very Low Noise

  30. Volume Production will Drive Costs Down Significantly Small Wind as a New-Age Home Appliance …“ a ceiling fan on steroids”

  31. Prime Small Wind Market Areas in California Solano County Antelope Valley Hesperia Area

  32. Hesperia Market Area • ~ 45 10 kW wind turbine within 10 mile radius • Relaxed permitting requirements in San Bernardino Co. • Market tipping point achieved in 2004 after 3 years

  33. Hesperia Market Area Neighboring 10 kW Turbines “5 – Pack” Shipment

  34. NJ Market: Picking Up Steam • NJ Clean Energy Program offers a 60% rebate • Permitting has been problematic in residentially zoned property • More dealers, more sales – the market is gaining momentum • The BPU has been supportive • NJ Utilities have been supportive Installing the Chesterfield 10 kWMay 2003

  35. Typical 10 kW System Costs (California) Guyed Lattice Towers ~ 2/3 of Market Self-Supporting Towers ~ 1/3 of Market

  36. Guyed Lattice Tower Top 10’ Section Upper Guy Tabs (1/2” cable) Regular 10’ Sections Lower Guy Tabs (5/16” cable) Turnbuckles Equalizer Plates Anchor Rod Anchor Channel Bottom 10’ Section

  37. AnchorLayout

  38. 30” Pier Pin 30” 4” 24” Min. Base Pads Normal Soils Weak Soils

  39. Base Pad Construction Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  40. Deadman Anchors

  41. Anchor Construction Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  42. Tower Assembly Photo courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  43. Guy Wires and Turnbuckles Photo courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  44. Turbine Assembly Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  45. Turbine Assembly Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  46. Turbine Assembly Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  47. Disconnect and Furling Winch Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  48. Raising Tower & Turbine Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  49. Attach & Tension Guy Wires Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

  50. Detach Crane Lanyard Photos courtesy of Pine Ridge Products, Great falls, MT

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