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Background. Posner
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1. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Leadership Practices Inventory Hsiu-Chin Chen & Mark Baron
International Journal of Nursing
Education Scholarship
Vol. 4, Issue 1 (December 2007)
2. Background Posner & Kouzes Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) – 1988
Exemplary leadership uses five practices to facilitate achievement of goals :
Change the status quo
Inspire a shared vision
Set a model to foster collaboration
Empower employees to pursue a potential future
Recognize employee contributions to organizational success
3. Purpose Examine psychometric properties of the Chinese LPI and provide a culturally appropriate instrument for use in Taiwan’s nursing
Establish the reliability and validity of the Chinese Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) for use in Chinese nursing programs
4. Methodology LPI translated from English into Chinese
A total of 516 instruments mailed to faculty at 22 baccalaureate and associate degree nursing preparation programs in Taiwan
Faculty rated deans and directors leadership behaviors using the Chinese LPI
A total of 369 completed LPIs were returned for a 72% response rate
5. Reliability Cronbach Alpha:
Overall = .96
Scale 1 = .92
Scale 2 = .92
Scale 3 = .87
Item-Total correlations
All item-total correlations exceeded .30
6. Content Validity Translation
translate English into Chinese version
translate Chinese back into English
bilingual panel verifies equivalence of instruments
Items
expert panel (bilingual Ph.D. nursing administrators) rates items for linguistic and conceptual clarity – minor adjustments made
7. Criterion Validity (Concurrent) LPI subscales compared to instrument known to measure leadership in Chinese nursing programs (Chinese Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire)
LPI subscales show high positive correlation with transformational subscale of MLQ
LPI subscales show negative correlation with laissez-faire subscale of MLQ
8. Construct Validity Factor analysis produces three distinct factors comprising Chinese LPI (accounting for 59.5% of total variance)
Enabling others to act
Inspiring a shared vision
Encouraging the heart
Three factors compare favorable with Posner & Kouzes’ original five practices of exemplary leadership
9. Conclusion The 24-item Chinese LPI with three factors consistently demonstrates sound psychometric properties
The Chinese LPI is a culturally appropriate instrument for use in Taiwan’s nursing educational settings
The results may provide practical and empirical evidence for instrument modification when applied in populations with different cultures and languages