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Systems Analysis Strategies Chapter 4

Systems Analysis Strategies Chapter 4. Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides by Fred Niederman Edited by Solomon Negash. Key Definitions. The _______________ is the current system and may or may not be computerized

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Systems Analysis Strategies Chapter 4

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  1. Systems Analysis StrategiesChapter 4 Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Slides by Fred Niederman Edited by Solomon Negash

  2. Key Definitions • The _______________ is the current system and may or may not be computerized • The ________________ is the new system that is based on updated requirements

  3. Key Ideas • The goal of the ________________ is to truly understand the requirements of the new system and develop a system that addresses them -- or decide a new system isn’t needed. • The line between systems analysis and systems design is very blurry. • Analysis across areas: • Combines business and information technology • Balance expertise of users and analysts

  4. The SDLC Process

  5. Three Fundamental Analysis Strategies • 1. _______________________ • 2. _______________________ • 3. _______________________

  6. Business Process Automation (BPA) Goal: _____________

  7. Identifying Improvements in As-Is Systems • ______________________ • Asking users to identify problems • Rarely finds significant monetary benefits • _______________________ • Prioritizing problems • Tracing symptoms to their causes

  8. Root Cause Analysis • Identify symptoms • Trace each back to its causes Symptoms Symptoms ROOT CAUSES

  9. Root Cause Analysis Example

  10. Business Process Improvement (BPI) • Introducing evolutionary changes

  11. __________________(What BPI method uses the improvement identification steps shown below?) • Calculate time needed for each process step • Calculate time needed for overall process • Compare the twoDevelop process integration or parallelization

  12. __________________(What BPI method uses the improvement identification steps shown below?) • Calculate cost of each process step • Consider both direct and indirect costs • Identify most costly steps and focus improvement efforts on them

  13. __________________(What BPI method uses the improvement identification steps shown below?) • Studying how other organizations perform the same business process • Informal benchmarking • Check with customers • Formal benchmarking • Establish formal relationship with other organization

  14. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) • Radical redesign of business processes

  15. __________________(What BPR method uses the improvement identification steps shown below?) • Consider desirable outcomes from customers’ perspective • Consider what the organization could enable the customer to do

  16. __________________(What BPR method uses the improvement identification steps shown below?) • Identify fundamental business rules • Systematically break each rule • Identify effects on the business if rule is broken

  17. Technology Analysis • Analysts list important and interesting technologies • Managers list important and interesting technologies • The group identifies how each might be applied to the business

  18. Activity Elimination • Identify what would happen if each organizational activity were eliminated • Use “force-fit” to test all possibilities

  19. Proxy Benchmarking • List similar industries • Look for techniques from other industries that could be applied by the organization

  20. Process Simplification • Eliminate complexity from routine transactions • Concentrate separate processes on exception handling

  21. Developing an Analysis Strategy • Key factors in selecting appropriate analysis strategy: • Potential business value • Project cost • Breadth of analysis • Risk

  22. Business Business Business Process Process Process Automation Improvement Reeingineering (BPA) (BPI) (BPR) Potential Business Low-Moderate Moderate High Value Project Cost Low Low-Moderate High Breadth of Analysis Narrow Narrow-Moderate Very Broad Risk Low-Moderate Low-Moderate Very High Characteristics of Analysis Strategies

  23. Evaluating proposed IT systems • Methods of evaluating proposed IT systems: • cost-benefit analysis • risk analysis • capital investment analysis

  24. Cost-Benefit Analysis

  25. Risk Analysis

  26. Disaster Recovery Spending

  27. Your Turn • How do you know whether to use business process automation, business process improvement, or business process reengineering? • Provide examples. • What will you use for your term project?

  28. Management User Developers IT projects success partnership model Avoid Classic Analysis Mistakes • Reduced analysis time • Requirement gold-plating • User over-specification of features • Developer gold-plating • Too many “cool” features • Lack of user involvement

  29. Summary • The analysis process aims to create value for the organization • Three main analysis strategies are BPA, BPI, and BPR • These strategies vary in potential business value, but also in potential cost and risk • Three main analysis techniques are root cause, informal benchmarking, and breaking assumptions

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