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Tire Stewardship Project

Tire Stewardship Project . Julie L. Rhodes, Product Stewardship Institute contractor Sacramento, California - July 28, 2004. Action Plan Overview . Issues & Strategies for Tire Stewardship Dialog. Research to develop Action Plan. Phone interviews with 20+ stakeholders Tire manufacturers

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Tire Stewardship Project

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  1. Tire Stewardship Project Julie L. Rhodes, Product Stewardship Institute contractor Sacramento, California - July 28, 2004

  2. Action Plan Overview Issues & Strategies for Tire Stewardship Dialog

  3. Research to develop Action Plan • Phone interviews with 20+ stakeholders • Tire manufacturers • Recyclers • Haulers • End use manufacturers • TDF/Cement kilns • Government • Trade associations • Transportation officials • Other technical resources • Developed set of questions • Conducted interviews in March and April 2004 Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  4. Research to develop Action Plan • Published reports • Extending the Lifespan of Tires • Increasing the Recycled Content in Tires • CIWMB Five-Year Plan • Others • Websites • Follow-up discussions to clarify issues • Stakeholder comments on initial draft • Action plan is intended to be a brief education piece on each topic to provide stakeholders with a foundation of the variety of concerns and support for tire related issues Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  5. Comments on Action Plan • Solicited comments on initial draft of action plan from all primary stakeholders. • Received and incorporated comments - balanced competing comments • Surveyed stakeholder to seek agreement/disagreement on issues and strategies Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  6. Survey Responses • Based on 15 surveys received from: • Manufactures/RMA - 6 • Retailers/TIA - 2 • Government Agencies - 3 • Haulers/Processors/Recyclers - 2 • Other - 2 • Two surveys were not properly completed and could not be used • Respondents ranked issues for the dialog: “1” highest priority to “12” lowest priority • Respondents ranked strategies: 2 - strongly agree; 1 - agree; 0 - neutral; -1 disagree; -2 strongly disagree. • Respondents could also add strategies and comments Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  7. Issue Prioritization • Based on 13 surveys • Top Tier • #1 - Waste Tire Markets (Issue 2) • #2 - Tire-derived Fuel (Issue 10) • #3 - Recycled Asphalt Concrete (Issue 7) • Second Tier • #4 - Shredded Tire Markets (Issue8) • #5 - Crumb Rubber Markets (Issue 5) • #6 - Collection and Transportation (Issue 4) • #7 - Waste Tire Generation (Issue 1) • #8 -Tire Reuse, Retread, Remold (Issue 3) Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  8. Issue Prioritization, continued • Third Tier • #9 - Recreation Markets (Issue 9) • #10 - Sustainable Financing (Issue 12) • #11 - Landfill Disposal (Issue 11) • #12 - Recycled Content in New Tires (Issue 6) Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  9. Breakdown of Strategies Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  10. Issues and Strategies

  11. Issue 1: Waste Tire Generation • California generates 33.5 million tires annually • California interested in reducing the number of tires generated before recycling, stockpiling or disposal • 75% are diverted annually from stockpiling or disposal • 25% still end up in landfills Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  12. Issue 1: Waste Tire Generation • Solution: Increase the lifespan of tires • Increase consumer education on tire maintenance at retail and other locations • Provide free and convenient pressure gauges and air for tire maintenance • Install “smart tire” systems on new vehicles • Federal requirements likely under TREAD • Manufacture longer lasting tires • 28,000 miles in 1981; 43,000 miles in 2001 Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  13. Issue 1: Waste Tire Generation • Encourage consumers to buy longer lasting tires • Higher cost, better lifecycle costs • Develop a unified approach to optimal tire pressure • Auto manufacturers currently recommend pressure • Additional strategy - nitrogen inflation systems • Additional strategy - incentives and education strategies for fleets Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  14. Issue 3: Tire Reuse and Retread • Reuse, Retreads and Remolds • Reuse allows for a used tire to be reused as is • 1.5 million tires reused in California (2001) • Estimated that 2-5% of generated tires are segregated for for reuse • Estimated that up to 10% could be reused • Price must be very low to compete with low-cost new tires • Retread allows for casing to be reused, but new tread is added • Retreads most often apply to light and large, commercial truck tires • In California, 59 companies and retailers sell retread tires • Estimated that 737,500 retread tires are sold in California annually • Remold allows rubber to be molded into new tires • New technology in US, but used in Europe Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  15. Issue 3: Tire Reuse and Retread • Challenges: • New tires can be very expensive - used tires cannot compete • Concern over liability of selling/using used tires - void warrantees or insurance • Retreads must overcome quality/perception concerns - tread on the side of the road Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  16. Issue 3: Tire Reuse and Retread • Solution: Increase reuse and retread markets for tires • Promote use of retreads among local government and commercial fleets • Cost savings • Equal performance • County, city and commercial fleets • Reduce liability concerns over reused tires • Insurance barriers • More reuse and export opportunities Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  17. Issue 4: Collection and Transportation • Tires collected by retailers and local governments • Retailers have limited space • Some local ordinances do not allow outdoor storage • All generators must register - 16,000 registered in California • Contracted haulers • Ensure proper management and/or disposal of tires • Must meet state and federal laws on storage, transport and management • Registration with state - 10 or more tires • Tire manifest program • In effect since 1995 • Strengthened in 2001 (more oversight) • Allows for electronic filing of paperwork (2 haulers) Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  18. Issue 4: Collection and Transportation • Solution: Reduce regulatory barrier to lower costs of tire collection • Streamline tire manifest system • New system effective July 1, 2003 • Increased enforcement • Requires generators to report • Develop cooperative collection contracts • New system and enforcement has forced some recyclers out of business • Cooperative contracts could help collectors be more competitive Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  19. Issues 5: Crumb Rubber Markets • Crumb rubber results from the ambient or cryogenic processing of a scrap tire • Removes the metal and fluff • Clean ground rubber product • Varies in size • Used directly or as a raw material feedstock for new product manufacturing - mats, liners, tires, etc. • Challenges • Each tire by type or manufacturer has unique recipe • Tires are expensive to process • Must compete with low virgin rubber prices • Specifications for crumb rubber not well known • Each potential product has it’s own challenges Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  20. Issues 5: Crumb Rubber Markets • Solution: Develop sustainable and diversified crumb rubber markets • Promote existing specifications for crumb rubber • Little known ASTM standard • ISRI also developing standards • Increase government and business purchase of tire-derived products • Model procurement policies • Marketing plans • Overcome perception related to inferior quality of recycled content tires • Education on price, quality and availability • Point of purchase advertising when buying tires Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  21. Issues 5: Crumb Rubber Markets continued • Research and develop strategies to overcome technical barriers to using crumb rubber as a raw material • Devulcanization • Generic MSDSs on chemical properties • Equipment grants for crumb rubber manufacturers • Expensive capital investment • Seed funding instead of on-going subsidies • Provide marketing assistance for California tire-derived product manufacturers • Assistance with trade shows and international trade marketing Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  22. Issues 6: Recycled Content in New Tires • Currently tires contain between 0 - 5% recycled rubber • Post consumer or industrial scrap? • Potential for 10 - 15% • Challenges: • Chemistry of tires • Vulanized rubber properties • Without technological breakthrough, adding recycled rubber to tires can impact tire longevity and performance • Cost Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  23. Issues 6: Recycled Content in New Tires • Solution: Increase percentage of recycled content in new tire manufacture • Increase recycled tire rubber in new tire manufacturing and other molded products • 0-5% currently used • 10-15% potentially feasible • Impact on tire longevity and performance • Conduct research on technologies to increase recycled content in tires • Devulcanization • Provide financial incentives to increase demand for recycled rubber • Level the playing field with virgin rubber • Short term incentives - procurement grants Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  24. Issues 6: Recycled Content in New Tires • Develop recycled-content tire procurement specifications along with strategy for procurement of recycled content tires and molded products. • Additional strategy - Government procurement of recycled-content tires (would require tire manufacturers to disclose amount of recycled-content in tires). Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  25. Issue 8: Shredded tire markets • Shredded tires can be substituted for other fill material, such as aggregate, sand and gravel • Used for a variety of applications: • Landfill application • Civil engineering applications • Embankments • Bridge embankments • Road base • Septic/drainage fields • Challenges: • Design specifications • Proper installation • Past performance • Logistics Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  26. Issue 8: Shredded tire markets • Solution: Increase the civil engineering applications for shredded tires • Provide education and information on benefits of using waste tire shreds in landfill applications • Drainage in leachate collection • Landfill liners • Alternative daily cover • Educate transportation officials about ASTM specifications for tire shreds • Bridge embankments, subgrade fill, retaining walls • Writing standards into state and local contracts • Allow for, and promote, waste tire use in local septic fields/drainage through local ordinances and state rule • Educate about specifications to increase the use of tires in road base • Specifications to reduce risks Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  27. Issue 9: Recreation Markets • Loose fill crumb rubber or poured in place for recreation and outdoor uses • Playground cover • Running tracks • Sports fields • Horse arenas • Golf courses • Walking trails • Mulch • Advantages: • Safety - Absorb impact • Drainage • Challenges: • Cost • State grants • Public perception Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  28. Issue 9: Recreation Markets • Solution: Develop sustainable and diversified recreation markets • Promote benefits of crumbed and chipped rubber over traditional materials used in sports fields, playgrounds, horse arenas, golf courses, walking trails, and as mulch • Overcome negative perceptions • Promote use and proper installation • Develop a market development plan for recreational uses • Grants help, but need more to move into the mainstream • Demonstration projects, evaluation, testimonials • Involve parks departments, schools, daycare centers • As market develops, costs and concerns decrease Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  29. Issue 11: Landfill Disposal • 25 million tires still landfilled in California annually • Tires must be shredded before legally disposed of in a landfill • Most of California’s 152 solid waste landfills accept tires for disposal • Cost of landfilling • $2.61 per tire • $102.70 per ton of shredded tires • Landfilling is least expensive management option available in California Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  30. Issue 11: Landfill Disposal • Solution: Reduce tire landfilling through incentives and disincentives • Phase in a landfill ban on tires • Current law allows shredded tires to be landfilled • Other states have complete ban • Increase landfill tipping fees • Level playing field between landfilling and recycling • Provide incentives for retailers and haulers • Financial incentive to recycle over landfilling • Require storage and marketing of tires before landfilling • Discourages landfilling and provides incentive for recycling • Concerns over stockpiling tires for any reason Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  31. Issue 12: Sustainable Financing • Tire fee of $1 per tire is collected at retail and given to state to run tire programs (up from $.25 per tire before 2000) • Market development • Regulatory • Enforcement • Tire pile clean-ups • Education • $33 million collected annually • An additional fee is often charged to actually pay for the cost of managing and disposing of a tire (administrative and hauling) • Fee scheduled to be reduced to $.75 per tire on December 31, 2006 Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  32. Issue 12: Sustainable Financing • Solution: Develop agreement on long-term funding strategy • Develop a third party organization that can provide cost-effective system management • Examples of other successful third party systems • Pays for actual recycling costs • Fees collected are guaranteed for use on tire programs • Distribute funding according to negotiated priorities • Setting priorities with input from all stakeholders • Ensuring those priorities are funded Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  33. Tier One Issues and Strategies

  34. Issue 1: Waste Tire Markets • Markets: • Crumb Rubber • Recycled Content in Tires • Loose Fill Crumb Rubber Products • Molded Products from Crumb Rubber • Rubberized Asphalt Concrete • Shredded tires • Civil Engineering Applications • Landfill Applications • Lightweight Fill • Road Base • Tire Derived Fuel • Whole or chipped Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  35. Issue 1: Waste Tire Markets • Challenges: • Technological • Economical • Institutional • Logistical • Environmental • Lack of Information/Education • Perception or Past Performance • Highest and Best Use • Lack of Experience Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  36. Issue 1: Waste Tire Markets - Ideal World • Short-term and long-term performance goals exist for reuse/recycling programs that are measurable and aggressive, but attainable • Projects and programs include evaluation mechanisms for mid-course improvements when data show that programs are not meeting performance goals. Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  37. Issues 2: Waste Tire Markets • Solution: Develop performance metrics for program success • Set measurable goals for market development and reduced disposal. • Set long-term goals for reuse, retread, recycling and reduced disposal • Benchmarking/setting timelines/follow-up • Resource Conservation Challenge Tire Cluster goals • Divert 85% of waste tires to reuse, recycling or energy recovery by 2008 • Reduce by 55% the number of tires stockpiled by 2008 • Reduce regulatory barriers to market development • Do people want to identify any barriers and propose solutions to resolve them? • “Waste tire” Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  38. Issue 10: Tire-derived Fuel • Tire-derived fuel • Whole tires - 2 of 17 cement kilns burning tires • Tire chip fuel - 2 co-generation plants burning tires • Cement kilns, co-generation plants, industrial boilers and others • Substituted in part for coal or coke • Generates 14,000 BTU of energy per pound compared to 12,500 BTU’s of energy per pound for coal • Can reduce air pollutants (NOx and SOx) • Reducing the transportation impacts of fuel sources from out of state • No state funding can be used for TDF under current state law Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  39. Issue 10: Tire-derived Fuel • Challenges: • Perception of “tire burning” • Could increase some air pollutants • Not the highest and best use of the resource - initial resources are gone forever • Conversion of plant is expensive • Permitting of tire burning is expensive and takes time • Logistically not every facility is cost-effective • Potential contaminants • Tire chip fuel has costs of processing Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  40. Issue 10: Tire-derived Fuel - Ideal World • Absolutely no TDF use OR • Maximize TDF use as part of a diversified market development strategy OR • Develop TDF markets initially, but move more tires towards more value-added end use markets Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  41. Issue 10: Tire-derived Fuel • Solution: Increase tire-derived fuel markets • Overcome perception related to environmental hazard of burning tires for fuel • EPA support for TDF • Lowers NOx and SOx • Not highest and best use, but is a proven market • Provide financial assistance for facility conversion or other start-up costs • Expensive capital investment • Not currently allowed under California funding programs • Additional strategy - research into combustion technology and emissions control technology (less theory, more science) Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  42. Issue 7: Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Markets • Blending crumb rubber in the liquid asphalt on road construction projects, parking lots, other • CalTrans, local highway departments, contractors, private sector • Challenges: • Concerns over patents and mix designs • Climate • Proper Installation • Cost • Material costs could add to project costs • Thinner layers of material with improved performance (AZDOT) • Getting material to jobsite • CalTrans project scheduling delivery of 660,000 tires • Need for greater incentives to motivate use Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  43. Issue 7: Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Markets continued • CalTrans established 15% internal goal • Proposed legislation would require 20 - 50% goal by 2012 (AB 338) • Proposed legislation also requires use of US tire rubber only Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  44. Issue 7: Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Markets - Ideal World • Every appropriate paving project includes rubberized asphalt. Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  45. Issue 7: Rubberized Asphalt Concrete Markets • Solution: Develop sustainable and diversified rubberized asphalt concrete markets • Use standardized asphalt mix designs and paving standards for RAC • AZDOT • Train and educate state and local highway engineers, and others, on RAC use, costs, and benefits • CalTrans, country highway departments, contractors • Lifecycle analysis • Reduced cracking • Noise reduction • Require CalTrans and others receiving state funding to purchase California derived tire rubber • Pending legislation requires US tire rubber use • Develop infrastructure and logistics for material delivery • Storage, transport, scheduling • Long-term contracts Tire Stewardship Project - Stakeholder Meeting, Sacramento, CA

  46. NEXT STEPS?

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