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PRODUCT POLICY. Product Strategies. Standardized product (existing or new) Customized product (adapted). Classic Problem Ex: Snuggle Fabric Softener. Sold in 10 Euro Countries under 7 Names Different Bottle, Formula, Strategies Known within Lever as Snuggle or Teddy Bear
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Product Strategies Standardized product (existing or new) Customized product (adapted)
Classic ProblemEx: Snuggle Fabric Softener Sold in 10 Euro Countries under 7 Names Different Bottle, Formula, Strategies Known within Lever as Snuggle or Teddy Bear Only thing common is that all brands have teddy bear on the label and names invoke snuggling
Conditions favoring Standardization • benefits sought may be similar • specially, given the convergence in consumer preferences
Benefits of Standardization • Create Scale Economies • Reduce cost/Improve Quality in manufacturing, R&D, marketing, distribution, etc. • Shorten Time to Market • Create Global Image/Brands • Create Barriers to Entry
Balance between Standardization and Customization Global Model Lead Country Model Modular Approach Core-product Approach
Introduction Strategy Waterfall (Phased rollout) Sprinkler (Simultaneous rollout)
Problems with Standardization Language Culture Positioning
Coca Cola in Japan Ke-Kou-Ke-La “Bite the wax tadpole” or “female horse stuffed with wax” Ko-Kou-Ko-Le “happiness in mouth” or “may the mouth rejoice”
Patent & Trademark Protection Counterfeit Knock-Off Gray Market
Gray Markets Importing and selling a trademark product made in another country and brought to the U.S. without the consent of the U.S. trademark holder.