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North Carolina salt marshes. (Courtesy: John Bruno). Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course. Slide 4. 1 , North Carolina salt marshes. A New England salt marsh at high tide. (Courtesy: John Bruno). Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems
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North Carolina salt marshes (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 1, North Carolina salt marshes
A New England salt marsh at high tide (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 2, A New England salt marsh
Salt marsh zonation Spartina alterniflora Juncus gerardi Spartina patens (Courtesy: John Bruno) Iva frutescens Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 3, New England salt marsh zonation
A North Carolina salt marsh (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 4, A North Carolina salt marsh
Salt marsh zonation Iva frutescens Spartina alterniflora Juncus roemerianus (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 5, Zonation of a typical North Carolina salt marsh
Salt marsh bare patch generation by physical disturbance Wrack disturbance Ice rafting disturbance Two physical disturbances that can create bare patches in salt marshes. (Courtesy: Mark Bertness) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 6, bare patch generation
Bare patch recolonization A salt marsh bare patch being recolonized by spike grass, an early colonist but competitively inferior species. (Courtesy: Mark Bertness) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 7, bare patch recolonization
Salt marsh dredging (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 8, salt marsh dredging
Fringing salt marshes A fringing New England salt marsh (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 9, fringing salt marshes
Seagrass beds A tropical seagrass bed (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4.10, seagrass beds
Estuarine habitats Salt marsh, oyster reef, and mud flat habitats (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4.11, estuarine habitats
Oyster reef Photograph of an oyster reef (Courtesy: John Bruno) Session 4: Estuarine Ecosystems Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 4. 12, oyster reef