Practice Question

2. Practice Question • The Kansas-Nebraska Act heightened the sectional crisis because it • Repealed the Missouri Compromise. • Repealed the Fugitive Slave Act. • Made Kansas and Nebraska free states. • Stimulated Southern emigration to the territories taken from Mexico. • Signaled acceptance of the principle of the Wilmot Proviso.

3. The Philippine-American War • US acquires the Philippines after the S-A War. • Refuses to give them their independence. • Insurrection led by Emilio Aguinaldo begins in 1899 • Guerilla warfare • Brutal, vicious warfare • U.S. atrocities, reconcentration camps • Insurrection severely weakened in 1901 when Aguinaldo is captured.

6. Philippine-American War • Philippine Commission • To make recommendation about Philippine gov’t • McKinley – “benevolent assimilation” • Millions of dollars on roads, education, sanitation, public health • Filipinos resistant • Gradual participation in their gov’t • Independence in 1946

7. The Open Door Policy • China defeated by Japan in 1895. • Imperialistic European powers divide China into “leaseholds” and economic spheres of influence. • Did not recognize China as a sovereign nation • US is nervous and doesn’t want to lose trade and influence in China.

9. The Open Door Policy • Secretary of State, John Hay • Sends major powers the “Open Door note” - 1899 • In spheres of influence, countries should respect Chinese rights and ideal of fair competition • Equal trading rights for all nations. • Even though most nations did not agree, Hay announces the Open Door policy to be in effect.

10. The Open Door Policy • Boxer Rebellion • Superpatriotic Chinese group • Trying to get rid of foreign control. • Put down by a joint military operation • China punished financially • US fears that China’s instability will be an excuse for countries to divide up China between them. • Hay – another round of Open Door notes • Territorial and commercial integrity

11. Open Door Policy • Good for U.S. – preserved illusion of China’s sovereignty • China was not divided among the major powers. • US retains access to trade – tea, silk, spices, etc.

12. Teddy Roosevelt • 1901 – McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist • “Take Charge” President • Strong and modern President, used powers of office and personal magnetism to bypass congressional opposition • 3 C’s – Corporations, Consumer Protection, Conservation

13. The Panama Canal • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty – 1901 • Undid our treaty with Britain agreeing neither would dominate a canal • Gave US the right to build and fortify a Central American canal • Where to build? • At first, Nicaragua – sea level, required no locks. • But Panama route (through Columbia) cheaper – shorter • US negotiates with Columbia for $10 million, annual rental of $250,000 for right to build canal • Columbian Senate refuses to sign treaty, Roosevelt furious!!

15. The Panama Canal • Nov. 1903 – Panama attempts to rebel and overthrow Columbian gov’t • US troops land, prevent Columbia from putting down rebellion • U.S. negotiates with new Panama gov’t • $10 million, $250,000 annually • Work began! • Canal opens in 1914 • Roosevelt considered the Canal his greatest foreign policy achievement.

18. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • Monroe Doctrine (1823): European nations to stay out of affairs of Latin American nations • Roosevelt Corollary (1904): US would intervene to keep European nations from intervening. • Made U.S. the Policeman of the Western Hemisphere. • More like a policy change from the Monroe Doctrine. • First put to use in the Dominican Republic – U.S. took over management of tariff collections.