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Got Babies? Embryo Transfer in Livestock

Got Babies? Embryo Transfer in Livestock. CLF3256. Kati Chamberlin - AgEd 410, Spring 2013. Introduction. What is embryo transfer? Removing fertilized eggs from a donor and placing them in a recipient female Most common in beef and dairy cattle Also known as “ova” transplantation.

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Got Babies? Embryo Transfer in Livestock

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  1. Got Babies?Embryo Transfer in Livestock CLF3256 Kati Chamberlin - AgEd 410, Spring 2013

  2. Introduction • What is embryo transfer? • Removing fertilized eggs from a donor and placing them in a recipient female • Most common in beef and dairy cattle • Also known as “ova” transplantation

  3. How does it work? •  http://www.oces.okstate.edu/extension-fact-sheets-2/mobile-fact-sheets/ansi-3158/ANSI-3994%20Figure%201.jpg/image_preview

  4. What’s the process? • Superovulation • Donor female is stimulated to ovulate more than one egg/cycle • Hormones are injected to cause superovulation • Insemination • The donor cow (the cow superovulated) is bred

  5. Common hormones used for superovulation • PMSG (pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin) • FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) • eCG (equine chorionic gonadotrophin) • Prostaglandin F2 alpha • LH (luteinizing hormone) http://www.nzdl.org/gsdl/collect/fnl2.2/archives/HASH42a2.dir/p16.gif

  6. What’s the process? 3. Ova Collection (Flushing) • Nonsurgical: • rubber catheter inserted through cervix • saline solution flushed into and out of uterus • harvests the embryos 7-8 days after estrus • 30 minute or less procedure • standard method http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/T0117E/T0117E10.jpg

  7. Flushing process Click HERE if video does not play

  8. What’s the process? 4. Evaluation of the Embryos • Regularity of shape of the embryo • Compactness of the blastomeres • Variation in cell size • Color and texture of the cytoplasm

  9. What’s the process? 4. Evaluation of Embyo’s cont. • Overall diameter of the embryo • Presence of extruded cells and vesicles • Regularity of the zonapellucida

  10. Embryo Classification Grades: • Grade 1: Excellent or Good • Grade 2: Fair • Grade 3: Poor • Grade 4: Dead or degenerating

  11. Embryo Classification Stage of Development: • Stage 1: Unfertilized • Stage 2: 2 to 12 cell • Stage 3: Early morula • Stage 4: Morula • Stage 5: Early Blastocyst • Stage 6: Blastocyst • Stage 7: Expanded Blastocyst • Stage 8: Hatched Blastocyst • Stage 9: Expanding Hatched Blastocyst http://www.oces.okstate.edu/extension-fact-sheets-2/mobile-fact-sheets/ansi-3158

  12. What’s the process? 5. Implantation • Recipient cows must be at right stage in estrous cycle to receive embryo • Recipient cows are synchronized with donor • The eggs are transferred to the recipient cows

  13. Quick! What are the five processes of Embryo Transfer?

  14. Benefits of Embryo Transfer • A dozen calves might be obtained from a valuable cow in one year • The rate of genetic improvement would quicken • Progeny testing of heifers can be done quicker • Genetically inferior animals could be made more productive by using them as recipient animals

  15. Benefits of Embryo Transfer • Large numbers of fertilized eggs can be transferred from young heifers • Large amount of fertilized eggs can be transferred into mature recipients • Valuable cows that fail to conceive due to hormonal defects would not need to be culled

  16. Limitations • Expensive • The technique for harvesting the ova is complicated • Donors used repeatedly may become incapable of carrying to full term

  17. FFA/SAE and Career opportunities • Bred replacement heifer for the fair • Embryologist • Internship with veterinarian • Veterinarian tech/ Veterinarian • In-vitro fertilization at a Dairy • Embryo transfer technician

  18. What do you think has better pregnancy rates, embryos transferred that were frozen or fresh? Are there any limitations to using frozen embryos?

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