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The New Deal

The New Deal. I. New Deal Actions A. Election Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932. B. Waiting for FDR to take over 1. Election was in November and inauguration was in March

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal

  2. I. New Deal Actions A. Election Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932

  3. B. Waiting for FDR to take over 1. Election was in November and inauguration was in March 2. FDR put together his advisors and many of the ideas for his plan designed to deal with the problems of the depression known as the New Deal

  4. C. The first 100 days 1. Reforming banking and finance a. FDR declared a bank holiday to prevent further withdrawals b. Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act c. In FDR’s first fireside chat he boosted American’s confidence http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrfirstfiresidechat.html

  5. 2. Assisting Farmers—the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised farm prices by lowering production (paying farmers to NOT plant or to destroy crops already planted) 3. Providing Work Projects a. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) put 3 million young men to work on parks, roads, and planting trees

  6. b. The Public Works Admininstration (PWA) provided construction jobs for schools and community buildings 4. Assisting Industry a. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) passed to promote industrial growth b. NIRA created the NRA or National Recovery Administration which created codes for fair competition

  7. 5. Helping people with Housing a. The Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) provided government loans to homeowners facing foreclosure b. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) provides loans for mortgages and repairs

  8. D. The New Deal comes under attack 1. Liberal critics argued that the New Deal did not go far enough to help the poor and reform the nation’s economic system 2. Conservatives argued the opposite: that FDR spent too much time on direct relief and used New Deal policies to control business and socialize the economy

  9. 3. The Supreme Court reacts: the court struck down NIRA and AAA as unconstitutional a. FDR tried to add six new justices to the Supreme Court b. the Congress and the press protested and called this the “court- packing bill”

  10. 4. Three Fiery Critics (and the American Liberty League) a. Charles Coughlin—catholic priest turned against the New Deal and appealed to the poor b. Dr. Francis Townsend—also appealed to the poor and elderly c. Huey Long—Governor of Louisiana proposed the “Share our Wealth” program, luckily for FDR, Long was assassinated in 1935

  11. II. The Second Hundred Days A. More relief for Farmers and Workers B. 1934 midterm elections the Democrats increased their majority in Congress C. 1936 Election FDR beat the Republican Al Landon

  12. D. Helping Farmers…again 1. A new Agricultural Adjustment Act in 1938 2. Resettlement Administration was created to loan money to small farmers to buy land E. Helping Youth, Professionals, and Others 1. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) set out to create as many jobs as possible as quickly as possible

  13. 2. Many of the people employed were professionals like teachers, writers, artists, actors and musicians a. they wrote travel guides b. painted murals c. collected slave narratives d. gave music lessons

  14. 3. Labor and other reforms a. the Wagner Act gave unions some power b. the Fair Labor Standard Act set minimum wage and maximum hours 4. The Social Security Act a. Old Age Insurance b. Unemployment compensation c. Aid to families with dependent children and the disabled

  15. 5. Expanding and regulating utilities a. REA (Rural Electrification Administration) brought electricity to rural areas of the country b. The Public Utilities Holding Company Act outlawed a utilities company from buying up many other utilities company to create a monopoly

  16. III. New Deal affects many groups A. New opportunities for women 1. FDR named several important women to important positions a. Frances Perkins became the first female cabinet member as secretary of labor b. the First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt pressured FDR to appeal to female voters

  17. 2. Women continued to struggle for equal rights during the New Deal B. New opportunities for African Americans 1. FDR did not support an antilynching bill for fear of upsetting southern Democrats 2. But millions of A.A. got jobs with the WPA 3. Overall A.A. supported FDR and the New Deal as their best hope for the future and many started to vote Democratic for the first time since the Civil War

  18. C. Mexican Americans and the New Deal—they tended to support the New Deal even though they received fewer benefits than blacks D. Native Americans 1. Received strong support from the New Deal 2. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 strengthened Native American land claims (casinos)

  19. E. FDR forms the New Deal coalition made up of Southern whites, urban voters, African Americans, and unions F. Labor 1. The CIO or Congress of Industrial Organizations split from the AFL (American Federation of Labor), they unionized the unskilled and used strikes to win gains 2. Overall, the New Deal was good for labor

  20. IV. Society and Culture A. Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all blossom during the Depression and New Deal B. Art and Literature was sober during the 1930s C. movies, radio offered escapes for people (comedy, drama, musicals)

  21. V. The impact of the New Deal A. The New Deal’s legacy 1. It did not end the Great Depression but it helped 2. It’s projects provided much needed relief and lasting results (bridges,buildings, art, ect…) B. Opinion on the New Deal still differs 1. Conservatives say the federal government grew too large and powerful 2. Liberals say the New Deal didn’t go far enough in restructuring the economy and wealth C. the longest lasting impact of the New Deal is a middle road between the socialism and laissez faire economy

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