Windows Programming

1. This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation • In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button • Select “Meeting Minder” • Select the “Action Items” tab • Type in action items as they come up • Click OK to dismiss this box • This will automatically create an Action Item slide at the end of your presentation with your points entered. Windows Programming Text and Fonts Presented By:- Anchal Sharma

2. Introduction • Text • Fonts • GDI (Graphics Device Interface) • Drawing and Filling • Windows APIs

3. Text Basics (Requirements) • Text • Tradition • Art • Technology • Soft proofing

4. Fonts Basics • Family (Roman) • Style (Italicize condense etc.) • Size (Point 1/72“)

5. Font Families A fontfamily is a set of fonts having common stroke width and serif characteristics. There are five font families. A sixth family allows an application to use the default font.

6. Font family Description Decorative Specifies a novelty font. An example is Old English. Dontcare Specifies a generic family name. This name is used when information about a font does not exist or does not matter. The default font is used. Modern Specifies a monospace font with or without serifs. Monospace fonts are usually modern; examples include Pica, Elite, and Courier New. Roman Specifies a proportional font with serifs. An example is Times New Roman. Script Specifies a font that is designed to look like handwriting; examples include Script and Cursive. Swiss Specifies a proportional font without serifs. An example is Arial.

7. Font Size

8. GDI • Abstraction • Device Independence • Responsibility of the programmer • Parts • Text • Filled Areas • Lines and curves • Bitmaps

9. Class Windows handle type CPen HPEN CBrush HBRUSH CFont HFONT CBitmap HBITMAP CPalette HPALETTE CRgn HRGN GDI Objects

10. Device Context • BeginPaint • GetDC / ReleaseDC • NULL param gives screen • Hwnd param gives client • CreateDC(“DISPLAY”,…); • GetWindowDC

11. Fonts (Windows) • GDI Fonts / Device Fonts • Raster(nonscaleable) : SYSTEM_FONT, SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT, OEM_FIXED_FONT, Courier, Ms Serif, MS Sans Serif, Small Fonts • stroke : Connect the dots (Modern Roman Script) Plotter fonts • True Type / OpenType • GetStockObject • Cannot be specific about selection • DEFAULT_GUI_FONT: MS Sans Serif

12. Font Consistency • Embedding: • GetOutlineTextMetrics() otmfsType=1 OUTLINETEXTMETRIC structure • System Fonts • Using of Fonts • Enumeration • User Choice • Fixed type (sys fonts)

13. Font Storages (Windows) • Historically, font sizes were large to fit standard disks. • Just like .dll • Raster/Vector: .fon file contains data • OpenType/TrueType: .fon file is header and .ttf file contains the data

14. Character Set • Encoding scheme • Unicode (multi-byte codes) • OEM • Windows • Vendor (external like EBCDIC)

15. GDI (Co-ordinates/Mapping) • Mapping mode does not change messages • Screen Coordinates/Client Cordinates • SetViewPortOrgEx: Device • SetWindowOrgEx: Logical

16. Mapping Mode Logical Unit x-axis y-axis MM_TEXT Pixel Right Down MM_LOMETRIC 0.1 mm Right Up MM_HIMETRIC 0.01 mm Right Up MM_LOENGLISH 0.01 in. Right Up MM_HIENGLISH 0.001 in. Right Up MM_TWIPS 1/1440 in. Right Up MM_ISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x = y) Selectable Selectable MM_ANISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x !=y) Selectable Selectable Mapping Modes

17. Logical Inches • Size of inch is larger on display • Size of inch is same on printer

18. Drawing • Lines • MoveTo • LineTo • Bezier • PolyBezier • PolyBezierTo • Arcs • AngleArc • Arc, ArcTo

19. Creating Paths / Regions • Clipping • Filling • Drawing • Functions • BeginPath(hdc) draw lines etc. connected and then EndPath(hdc) • CreateRectRgn, CreateRoundRectRgn

20. Shapes Shapes Ellipse Pie Polygon Chord Rectangle

21. Styling the Shapes • Fill Brush • SetROP2 : Raster Operations • SetFillPoly • Winding • Alternate • FillRect, FillRoundRect

22. Text APIs • TextOut(hdc,ystart,pString,iCount) • Does not recognize null character strings • GDI function • TabbedTextOut(hdc,xStart,yStart,pString, iCount, iNumTabs, piTabStops, xTabOrigin); • iNumTabs=NULL (def 8) • iNumTabs=1 (piTabStops repeated arg.)

23. Text API s Cont… • ExtTextOut(hdc,xSt,ySt,iOpt, &rect,pString, iCount, pxDistance); • ETO_CLIPPED , ETO_OPAQUE, pxDistance=spacings, null for def. • DrawText(hdc,pString,iCount, &rect,iFormat); • Recognize null terminated Strings. Also \n \r \t • For \t use DT_EXPANDTABS • If TA_CENTER then ½ text • DT_TABSTOP • DrawTextEx(hdc,pString,iCount,&rect, iFormat,&drawtextparams); • Works on avg character increments

24. Text API’s Cont… • SetTextCharacterExtra(hdc, iExtra); • iExtra cannot be –ve (absolute value taken) • TEXTMETRICS • tm.Hieght is not font size it includes internal leading.

25. tagTEXTMETRIC Structure • TEXTMETRIC • tmHeight • tmAscent • tmDescent • tmInternalLeading • tmExternalLeading • tmAveCharWidth • tmMaxCharWidth • tmOverhang • tmDigitizedAspectX • tmDigitizedAspectY • tmFirstChar • tmLastChar • tmDefaultChar • tmBreakChar • tmItalic • tmUnderlined • tmStruckOut • tmPitchAndFamily • tmCharSet

26. TMPF_FIXED_PITCH TMPF_VECTOR TMPF_TRUETYPE TMPF_DEVICE Pitch & Family 0X01 0X02 0X03 0X04

27. Font API’s • CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect, GetTextFace, GetTextMetrics. • lfCharSet : only value with default 1 • Struct: LOGFONT,CHOOSEFONT,PANOSE • GetOutlineTextMetrics: • PANOSE

28. WinNT/Win98 • SetGraphicsMode(GM_ADVANCED) • WinNt: escapement, orientations. • SetWorldTransform • Mode should be advanced

29. Kerning/Antialiasing • DWORD GetKerningPairs( HDC hdc, DWORD nNumPairs, LPKERNINGPAIR lpkrnpair); • Anti – aliasing: GetDeviceCaps

30. References • Charles Petzold, Programming Windows, 5th Edition • Text and Fonts, Msdn Library • Lines and Curves, Msdn Library • K.P. Rao, Printing classes

31. Thank You Questions?