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LANs and WLANs: Building Blocks, Standards, and Communication

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of LANs and WLANs, including network classifications, LAN standards, network devices, physical topology, network links, and communication protocols.

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LANs and WLANs: Building Blocks, Standards, and Communication

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  1. Chapter 5LANs and WLANs

  2. Chapter Contents • Section A: Network Building Blocks • Section B: Wired Networks • Section C: Wireless Networks • Section D: Using LANs • Section E: Security Through Encryption Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  3. FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False • 050100 In a network, a server is a computer that provides services to other computers called peers. • 050200 Star, ring, and mesh are examples of network topologies. • 050300 When you send an e-mail message over a network, it is chopped up into packets. • 050400 The IP address assigned to your computer on the Internet is derived from your computer’s MAC address. • 050500 Some network technologies use home telephone or electric cabling for computer networks. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  4. FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False • 050600 The most popular type of wired network is Ethernet. • 050700 Network speeds are measured in megabytes and gigabytes. • 050800 Many wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data. • 050900 Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for WANs. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  5. FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False • 051000 A wireless infrastructure networkuses a centralized broadcasting device, such as a wireless access point or router. • 051100 Wireless networks are less secure than wired networks. • 051200 WEP, WPA, and PSK are examples of Wi-Fi networks. • 051300 Public key encryption uses a public key to encrypt messages, but a private key is required to decrypt messages. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  6. Network Building Blocks • Network Classifications • LAN Standards • Network Devices • Clients, Servers, and Peers • Physical Topology • Network Links • Communications Protocols Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  7. Question • 052100 Networks come in many sizes and use many different technologies, yet they all need to communicate with each other. What is the key to network intercommunication? • A. Packet switching • B. Network protocols • C. Network topology • D. Peer-to-peer technology Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  8. Network Classifications • Personal Area Network (PAN) – interconnection of personal digital devices or consumer electronics • Local Area Network (LAN) – usually connects computers in a single building • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – public high-speed network with range of about 50 miles • Wide Area Network (WAN) – covers a large geographical area and typically consists of several smaller networks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  9. LAN Standards • LAN technologies are standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Project 802 – Local Network Standards • IEEE 802.3 • ARCnet • Token Ring • FDDI • Ethernet Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  10. Network Devices • Each connection point on a network is referred to as a node • To connect to a LAN, a computer requires network circuitry, sometimes referred to as a network interface card (NIC) • A networked peripheral, or network-enabled peripheral, is any device that contains network circuitry to directly connect to a network • A network device, or network appliance, is any electronic device that broadcasts network data, boosts signals, or routes data to its destination Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  11. Network Devices Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  12. Clients, Servers, and Peers • Network devices can function as clients or as servers • Application server • File server • Print server • Networks that include one or more servers can operate in client/server mode Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  13. Physical Topology • The arrangement of devices in a network is referred to as its physical topology • Star • Ring • Bus • Mesh • Tree • Two similar networks can be connected by a device called a bridge • Gateway is a generic term for any device or software code used to join two networks Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  14. Network Links • A communications channel, or link, is a physical path or frequency for signal transmissions • Bandwidth is the transmission capacity of a communications channel • Broadband • Narrowband Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  15. Communications Protocols • Rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another: • Divide messages into packets • Affix addresses to packets • Initiate transmission • Regulate flow of data • Check for transmission errors • Acknowledge receipt of transmitted data Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  16. Communications Protocols • A packet is a “parcel” of data that is sent across a computer network • Circuit-switching technology vs. packet switching technology Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  17. Communications Protocols • Every packet that travels over a network includes the address of its destination device • A MAC address is a unique number assigned to a network interface card when it is manufactured • An IP address is a series of numbers used to identify a network device • IP addresses can also be obtained through DHCP Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  18. Wired Networks • Wired Network Basics • Ethernet • Ethernet Equipment • Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  19. Question • 052200 Suppose you’re setting up a network in your home or apartment. You want all of the computers to access the cable modem that provides Internet access. What is the one additional component that you should purchase to tie the network together? • A. A router • B. A network interface card • C. A file server • D. A HomePlug Ethernet port Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  20. Wired Network Basics • A wired network uses cables to connect network devices • Wired networks are fast, secure, and simple to configure • Devices tethered to cables have limited mobility Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  21. Ethernet • Simultaneously broadcasts data packets to all network devices • IEEE 802.3 • CSMA/CD protocol • Vary in speed from 10Mbps to 100Gbps Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  22. Ethernet Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  23. Ethernet Equipment Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  24. Ethernet Equipment • Ethernet adapter (designed to support the Ethernet protocols) • Network hub • Network switch • Network router • RJ45 connector Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  25. Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  26. Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  27. Ethernet Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  28. Wireless Networks • Wireless Basics • Bluetooth • Wi-Fi • Wi-Fi Equipment • Wi-Fi Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  29. Question • 052300 When you’re setting up a wireless network, you see an option asking if you want to broadcast the network SSID. You should: • A. Change the default SSID and broadcast it. • B. Turn SSID broadcasting off so that hackers don’t know the network’s encryption key. • C. Make sure SSID is broadcasting so that your network is protected by strong encryption. • D. Activate SSID broadcasting or else the network devices won’t be able to send data to the router. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  30. Wireless Basics • A wireless network transports data from one device to another without cables or wires • RF signals • Transceiver • Microwaves • Infrared light • Slower than wired networks • Security concerns Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  31. Bluetooth • Bluetooth is a short-range, wireless network technology designed to make its own connections between electronic devices, without wires, cables, or any direct action from a user Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  32. Wi-Fi • Wireless networking technologies that are compatible with Ethernet • MIMO technology uses two or more antennas to send multiple sets of signals between network devices Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  33. Wi-Fi Equipment Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  34. Wi-Fi Equipment • If your computer is not pre-equipped with wireless circuitry, you can purchase and install a Wi-Fi adapter Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  35. Wi-Fi Equipment • Wireless network setups • Wireless ad-hoc network • Wireless infrastructure network • Wireless access point • Wireless router • MiFi Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  36. Wi-Fi Setup • Set up the router • Connect to the router with a computer • Configure the router • Access the router setup utility • Create a new router password Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  37. Wi-Fi Setup • Enter an SSID for the network • Activate WEP, WPA, or PSK and create an encryption key • Set up the wireless workstations • Connect an Internet access device Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  38. Wi-Fi Setup Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  39. Using LANs • LAN Advantages and Challenges • Sharing Files • Sharing Printers • Network Troubleshooting Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  40. Question • 052400 There are many ways to share files among the computers on a network. Which one of the following is the LEAST secure way to share files? • A. Use a file server. • B. Activate file sharing for the root directory of all the computers in the network. • C. Designate specific folders on your computer as shared. • D. Put files you want to share in the Public folder. Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  41. LAN Advantages and Challenges • LANs enable people to work together • Sharing networked software can reduce costs • Sharing data on a LAN can increase productivity • Sharing networked hardware can reduce costs • Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and specialized peripheral devices Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  42. LAN Advantages and Challenges • Resources become unavailable when network malfunctions • Networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access • More vulnerable than standalone computers • Wireless networks can be tapped from any computers within range of the wireless signal • Networked computers are susceptible to an increasing number of worms, Trojan horses, and blended threats Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  43. Sharing Files • If you use Windows, it automatically detects available LANs any time you turn on a workstation • To connect to a shared resource, you might be asked for a user ID and password Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  44. Sharing Files Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  45. Sharing Files Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  46. Sharing Files • A homegroup is a collection of trusted networked computers that automatically share files and folders Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  47. Sharing Printers • Three setups allow for printer sharing: • Set up printer sharing using a workstation printer • Set up printer sharing using a print server • Install printer with built-in networking Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  48. Sharing Printers Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  49. Troubleshooting • Network problems can stem from a variety of sources • Cables • Signal strength • Security • Interference • Network devices • Settings • Switches Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

  50. Security Through Encryption • Wi-Fi Security • Encryption Chapter 5: LANs and WLANs

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