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Chapter XVIII:. The Rise of Russia. I: Ivan III (the Great). Born January 22, 1440, died October 27, 1505. Achievements: Triples the size of the Russian state. Ends Golden Horde control over Russia. (1462) Renovates and improves the Kremlin. Lays the foundation for the new Russian state.
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Chapter XVIII: The Rise of Russia
I: Ivan III (the Great) • Born January 22, 1440, died October 27, 1505. • Achievements: • Triples the size of the Russian state. • Ends Golden Horde control over Russia. (1462) • Renovates and improves the Kremlin. • Lays the foundation for the new Russian state. • One of the longest reigning rulers in Russian history. (43 years) • Gains support from the Orthodox Church by marrying one of the last Byzantine Empire’s princesses. • He is poisoned when he is 65, leaving his 3 year old son to rule an empire. (Ivan IV)
II: Ivan IV (The Terrible) • Born August 25, 1530, died March 28, 1584. • Father (Ivan III) dies when he is 3, his mother dies when he is 8. • He becomes tsar when he 16 years of age. • Revises laws, creates an elite standing army, and brings in the first printing press. • Starts the modernizing and centralizing of the country. • After his wife’s death, he becomes erratic and a drunkard, and in one of his drunken fits, kills his own son. • He ends up slaughtering many of the boyars because he believed they were plotting to kill him.
III: Peter I (The Great) • Born June 9, 1672, died February 8, 1725. • Becomes ruler at a very young age, leadership is shared among him, his half-brother, and his half-sister. • He takes an 18 month journey to European nations and realizes how backwards Russia is. • Establishes a secret police and the first Russian Navy, recruits specialists as advisors, systemizes law codes and tax systems, and approves of local magistrates. • Devalues Parliament and gets rid of nobles and boyars.
IV: Westernization • More power was given to upper-class women, but nothing changed for the peasant women. • “Pass the Whip” ceremonies are stopped. • Women could wear western clothing, and attend public events. • “Beard Tax” and forced clothing changes were employed to take power away from the elite. • Western technologies about city planning and construction allowed Peter and an army of hired craftsmen to build the Russian city of Petersburg from scratch.
V: Catherine II (The Great) • Born May 2, 1729, died November 17, 1796. • Hated her husband and son so much she disowned him so Peter III could not claim the throne. • Enlightened leader who was advised by many Europeans, discussed law codes and the French. • Gave new power to nobles, which made serf’s lives harder. • Extended borders down from modern day Alaska to California. • Improved St. Petersburg, levied taxes, and encouraged the nobility to travel around the world.
VI: Serfdom • Serfs worked the land, but they did not own it. • Made nobles happy, preventing revolts, and was an effective way of controlling the people. • 1649 – Hereditary Status initiated, if you are born a serf, you die a serf. • Serfs were bought, sold, gambled away, and punished viciously by their masters. • Whole villages of serfs could be sold for manufacturing jobs. • They were poor, dirty, and illiterate.
VII: Pugachev Rebellion • Western-oriented aristocrats began pushing for change at the end of the 18th century. • Peasants became loyal to the tsars, and not lords. • The Pugachev rebellion promised an end to serfdom, taxation, military conscription, and landed aristocracy. • Organized by the Cossack chieftain Yemelyan Pugachev. • Sadly, the rebellion was crushed in southern Russia. • After he is captured, Yemelyan was drawn and quartered in Moscow Square. Eew!
