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Loanwords of Dutch & Flemish Food and Drink

Loanwords of Dutch & Flemish Food and Drink. Gabriella Pan & Christopher Jianglin. Introduction. Both in Germanic family and thus bear many similarities Some of the loanwords may also be from MLG ( M iddle L ow G erman ). Common Ways of Dutch Words Borrowed by English.

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Loanwords of Dutch & Flemish Food and Drink

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  1. Loanwords of Dutch & FlemishFood and Drink Gabriella Pan & Christopher Jianglin

  2. Introduction • Both in Germanic family and thus bear many similarities • Some of the loanwords may also be from MLG (Middle Low German).

  3. Common Ways of Dutch Words Borrowed by English • Through trade and seafaring • Via the New Netherland settlements in North America • Due to contact between Dutch/Afrikaans speakers with English speakers in South Africa • French words of Dutch/Flemish origin have been adopted into English

  4. [1] Booze • Colloquial expression of drink or alcoholic drink (1732) • Online Etymology Dictionary (OEtD): The modern form from MDu (Middle Dutch) busen‘to drink heavily’

  5. Booze • Oxford English Dictionary (OED): But also derived from Middle English bous, and later bouse, bowse‘drink,’ ‘to drink’ (1325, or‘a drinking-vessel’) • Explanation: There is a common origin in Germanic language family but the MoE (Modern English) usage was introduced from MDu

  6. [2] Brandy • A kind of alcohol distilled from wine, grapes or fruit (a1640) • The original form brandwine, brandewine is from Dutch brandewijn‘burnt’ (i.e. distilled) wine

  7. Brandy • Abbreviated as brandy as early as 1657; the fuller form was retained in official use down to the end of 17th century) • OED: The spelling usually misled people to regard it as a compound of brand and wine.

  8. [3] Coleslaw • OED: Also cold slaw, cole-slaugh(AmE) Sliced cabbage dressed with salt, pepper, vinegar, etc. (1794)

  9. Coleslaw • Dutch koolsla, reduced form of kool-salade, kool cabbage plus saladesalad • Colealso means cabbage in MoE.

  10. [4] Cookie • (AmE) ‘a small flat or slightly raised cake (Merriam Webster)’(1754) • OEtD: From Dutch koekje‘small cake’ dim. (diminutive, expressing slight degree or smaller size of the root meaning) of koek‘cake,’ from MDukoke

  11. Cookie • This is sure for the U. S., but for Scotland the history of this word is unknown. • According to Scottish National Dictionary, it might be from Dutch during the Middle Ages or derived directly from the word cook.

  12. Cookie • Biscuitin the U. K. • Interesting phrase that's the way the cookie crumbles‘that's the way things happen’from 1957 • Famous derivation in Chinese restaurant in the U. S. fortune cookie

  13. [5] Cranberry • 1640s, American English adaptation of Low German kraanbere, from kraan‘crane’ and Middle Low German bere‘berry’ • Probably named from the likeness between the stamen of the plant and the bird’s bleak

  14. Cranberry • Probably used by the German and Dutch settlers in America when recognizing the plant similar in Europe • They were marshwhort or fenberriesoriginally in England

  15. [6] Cruller • Afried pastry often made from a rectangle of dough with two twisted sides

  16. Cruller • From early 19th century Dutch krullen‘to curl’ • Why traditional crullers can be found more easily in the Midwest? • Youtiao ‘Chinese cruller’

  17. [7] Gin • A spirit which derives its predominant flavor from juniperberries

  18. Gin • From Dutch jenever (or genever), which means ‘juniper’ • In the Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648) • Dutch courage: a feeling of confidence that comes after drinking alcohol

  19. Gin • In the Glorious Revolution (1688), gin became vastly more popular in Britain.

  20. [8] Hops • Macmillan: a plant whose flowers are dried and used for making beer

  21. Hops • From Dutch hoppe • Imported from Holland to Britain around 1400 • Hop cultivation in the U. S. (1629)

  22. [9] Stockfish • unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks on the foreshore

  23. Stockfish • From Dutch stokvis‘stick fish,’ possibly referring to . . . • 1. the wooden racks • 2. resemblance bet. the fish & a stick • 3. a wooden yoke or harness • German Stockmaß‘the height of a horse at the withers’

  24. [10] Waffle • Macmillan: a flat cake that has deep square marks on both sides

  25. Waffle • From the Dutch wafel and related to Old English wefan‘to weave’ • Discovered by the Pilgrims in Holland and brought across the Atlantic in 1620 • Dutch immigrants popularized the dish in New Amsterdam

  26. References • Kemmer, S. (2011, August 22). Loanwords . Retrieved from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html • In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.etymonline.com/index.php

  27. References • Retrieved November 1, 2012 from Wikipedia: • List of English words of Dutch origin (October 12, 2012) • Cruller (October 12, 2012) • Gin (October 28, 2012) • Hops (October 27, 2012) • Stockfish (September 30, 2012) • Waffle (October 7, 2012)

  28. The End The End

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