Yr11C Theory Questions…

1. Yr11C Theory Questions… What is sustainability? What 2 reasons would there be for our lifestyle not to be sustainable? Name the 5 stages in a product’s lifecycle Name 3 non-renewable energy sources Name 3 renewable materials

2. Yr11B Theory Questions… What is sustainability? What 2 reasons would there be for our lifestyle not to be sustainable? Name 2 Greenhouse gases What is global warming? Name 3 negative effects of global warning

3. Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present, without losing the ability to meet needs in the future. Sustainability Intro

4. Why would our lifestyle not be sustainable? • We run out of something • We all die

5. Yr11B Theory Questions… • Name 2 Greenhouse gases • What is global warming? • Name 3 negative effects of global warning • Name the 5 stages of a product’s lifecycle • Why are these stages important when considering sustainability? • Name the 6R’s • Which of the 5 stages are removed by recycling a product? • Describe the 3 types of recycling • Explain 3 problems with recycling

6. Product Lifecycle EXTRACTION OF RAW MATERIALS PRODUCT MANUFACTURE DISTRIBUTION PRODUCT USE VERY IMPORTANT!! DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING

7. Renewable vs. Non-Renewable What do these words mean when we are talking about Sustainability?

8. Non-Renewable • When you use it, it has gone forever • Energy • Fossil fuels (Coal & Oil) • Nuclear • Materials; • Metals • Plastics These things are unsustainable

9. Renewable • When you use it, it will come back again within… 50 years

10. Renewable These things are sustainable • Energy • Wind • Solar • Wave • Materials; • Wood (Sometimes) • Leather • Cotton and Natural fibres • Cork • Rubber • Bamboo

11. What is a Carbon Footprint? • “The amount of greenhouse gases and specifically carbon dioxide emitted by something (as a person's activities or a product's manufacture and transport) during a given period” VERY IMPORTANT!!

12. Why are greenhouse gases bad?They create a layer in the atmosphere that traps the Sun’s rays, these heat up the Earth and can cause very harmful effects;- Rise in sea level so land shrinks- Plants die and land becomes desert- Animals have nothing to eat and die- Weather becomes more extreme – tsunamis, hurricanes droughts etc. What makes Carbon Dioxide? BURNING STUFF!!

13. Why do we burn stuff? • To make heat In Industry – Extracting natural resources (metal), making synthetic materials (plastics) At Home – Cooking food and heating rooms and offices

14. Why do we burn stuff? 2. To make electricity

15. Why do we burn stuff? 3. To make movement In Industry – Moving products around the globe (planes, trains, lorries, boats etc.) At Home – Moving people around (cars, motorbikes, buses, trains etc.)

16. Why do we burn stuff? 4. To get rid of it Incineration is a main way of disposing of waste

17. Yr11C Theory Questions… Where does CO2 come from? What negative effects could there be because of global warming? List 5 negatives/problems with wind turbines Name the 6R’s Which of the product lifecycle stages are removed due to recycling? Explain 3 problems with recycling. Describe the 3 different types of recycling

18. So what can we do? • As Designers we need to think about how to reduce the carbon footprint of products and people. “How can we reduce our Carbon Footprint?”

19. The 6R’s • Recycle • Reuse • Reduce • Refuse • Rethink • Repair VERY IMPORTANT!!

20. Recycle • Take an existing product that has become waste and reprocess the material so it can be re-used in a new product. • Recycling Freerunning ad RECYCLE = REUSE A PRODUCT

21. The 3 types of Recycling 1. Primary • Giving/selling something you don’t use anymore to someone else to use

22. The 3 types of Recycling 2. Secondary or Physical recycling • Taking waste and physically reprocessing it to form new material that can be used to make stuff 3. Tertiary or Chemical Recycling • Taking waste and chemically reprocessing it to form new material that can be used to make stuff • You need to know the main materials that can be recycled by reprocessing • Plastic • Metal • Cardboard/Paper • Glass Recycling materials Recycling Advert

23. Recycling Logos This is called the Mobius loop and means; ‘this product is capable of being recycled’

24. Recycling Logos These logos are put on different types of plastic

25. Recycling Logos Glass = Put in bottle bank Recyclable Aluminium Recyclable Steel

26. Product made from Recycled Materials: The Jimi Wallet

27. Product made from Recycled Materials: The Pet Pod

28. Disassembly • It’s very difficult to recycle a product if you can’t get the materials or components it’s made from apart • To help the recycling process, designers should make it easier for products to be disassembled by making components easier to take apart and made from single materials

29. Recycling Conclusion • Positives; • Prevents carbon dioxide emitted in Extraction stage • Prevents carbon dioxide emitted in Disposal stage • Negatives; • Carbon dioxide (NEVER JUST PUT ‘CARBON’ – this would be wrong!) is still emitted in reprocessing from waste to new material • Recycled material is often lower quality than virgin material • Recycling can be difficult unless products are easy to disassemble into separate materials • If this happened every time someone recycled, the world would be a more sustainable place!

30. Yr11B Theory Questions… • Name 3 renewable materials • Name the 5 stages in a product’s lifecycle • Why are these stages important when considering sustainability? • Explain the 2 types of ‘reduce’ • What is built-in obsolescence? • What types of products are usually repaired? • What should we refuse? • Why is ‘re-think’ the most confusing of the 6R’s? • Why does Mr Pearce think ‘re-use’ is the best of the 6R’s?

31. Reduce Minimise the amount of material and energy you use. 97% less material! 7% less material

32. Reduce Reduce the amount of waste produced. Low quality materials and joints = breaks quickly High quality materials and joints = Lasts longer

33. Reduce Built-in obsolescence • Designing products so they fail or become redundant after a certain amount of time Non-replaceable battery lasts 2 years A car’s engine lasts about 100 000 miles (8 years before it needs new parts)

34. Repair • When a product breaks down or doesn’t work properly, try to fix it.

35. What types of products are not usually repaired? If your cheap electrical goods break then it is more expensive and more hassle to get them repaired than to buy a new one

36. What types of products are usually repaired? Expensive items are usually repaired

37. Refuse • Don’t use a material or buy a product if you think you don’t need it or if it’s unsustainable. Also, the exam says that designers should Refuse to use materials, energy source, materials processing which are not environmentally friendly. Or refuse to design a product which will not be environmentally friendly in use or when disposed of after use

38. Refuse • Don’t buy things that you don’t need! • Say "NO" to bottled water

39. Materials we should refuse to use • The product may be made unnecessarily from man-made rather than natural materials • Toxic chemicals may be used in the product • Has the manufacturing process respected safety regulations? Have the workers been treated properly (working conditions/pay)? • What packaging has been used and what are the transport distance and costs? • It might not be good for you – e.g. High fat content

40. Rethink • Ask whether we can sustain our current way of life and the way we design and make. Also, the exam says that designers should Rethink the product to use less materials, reduce energy consumption, reduce transport requirements (eg flat pack or stack ability)

41. Rethink • How can waste created during the different stages of a product’s lifecycle be re-used? – very similar to ‘Re-use’ and ‘Primary recycling’ • How and why are products used by consumers? Could this be changed so they are more sustainable?

42. Reuse • Take an existing product that has become waste, and use the material or parts for another purpose, without processing it. • This is the same as primary recycling so don’t get confused!!  • Printer vs. bin

43. Reuse • Some products can be re-used for the same purpose

44. Reuse • Some products can stay the same but be re-used with a different purpose

45. Reuse • Some products can be changed and then re-used with a different purpose

46. Yr11B Theory Questions… • Explain the 2 types of ‘reduce’ • What is built-in obsolescence? • What should we refuse? • What are anthropometrics? • Give 3 examples of designs that have been changed because of ergonomics • What does ETI stand for? • Give 5 ways a company can operate ‘ethically’. • What logo would you see on products that are made and sold in an ethical way? • COSHH…What does that stand for?

47. Product Analysis &the Design of Products Sustainability Theory Part 2

48. Social Issues (Thinking about people) • Social Development • Listening to the views of others when designing products • Inclusive design = Designing products so ‘less-able’ people can use them to.

49. Social Issues • Anthropometrics • “The measurement of humans”

50. Social Issues • Ergonomics • Using anthropometric data to design products so they are easier and more comfortable for humans to use