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Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas

Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas. Presented by: Jayson L. Helsel, P.E. KTA-Tator, Inc. Flooring Options Overview. Moisture assessment Surface preparation Coating options Slip resistance. Learning Objectives. Completion of this webinar will enable the participant to:

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Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas

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  1. Flooring Options for High Traffic Areas Presented by: Jayson L. Helsel, P.E. KTA-Tator, Inc.

  2. Flooring Options Overview • Moisture assessment • Surface preparation • Coating options • Slip resistance

  3. Learning Objectives • Completion of this webinar will enable the participant to: • Describe two typical moisture tests for concrete floors and what the common acceptance criteria are for each • List typical surface preparation methods used for concrete floors prior to coating application • Identify at least three common options for coating concrete floors subjected to foot traffic • Understand general slip resistance requirements and list the common minimum value necessary for coefficient of friction

  4. Moisture Assessment • Plastic sheet method: ASTM D4263 • Calcium chloride test: ASTM F1869 • In-Situ Relative Humidity: ASTM F2170 • Moisture meters: F2659 & F710

  5. Moisture Assessment • Plastic sheet method (ASTM D4263) • Square sheet of clear plastic film taped to the slab surface • Remains for 16-24 hours • Look for moisture development

  6. Moisture Assessment • Calcium chloride test (ASTM F1869) • Determines vapor emission rate in pounds/1000 sq ft/24 hrs • Known mass of anhydrous calcium chloride placed under sealed dome • Remains 60-72 hours • Weight increase determines amount moisture • Typical limit = 3 lbs/1000 sq ft/24 hrs

  7. Calcium Chloride Test • Quantifies volume of water emitting from a 1000 square foot slab per 24 hours • Plan the test • Prepare the test site (CSP 1-2) • Weight cartridges; record weights • Open cartridges • Place cartridges, domes and seal domes • Start testing • End test; reweigh and calculate results

  8. Calcium Chloride Test

  9. Calcium Chloride Test • Record start and stop dates and times • Record pre- and post-test weights. Calculate weight gain • Multiply weight gain by constant (118.932), then divide by elapsed time of test

  10. Moisture Assessment • In-situ Relative humidity in slabs (ASTM F2170) • Holes drilled to 40% (one side) or 20% (two-sided) of slab thickness • Plastic inserts or probes inserted and sealed • Measure after 72 hours • 75% is typical maximum (ASTM F710) • Coating manufacturer may specify maximum

  11. Moisture Assessment • Moisture meters • Intended for floors/slabs (and walls) • Operatesby measuring the electrical resistance or conductivity between the tips of two insulated pins at the surface or subsurface using concrete nails • Resistance converted to a relative moisture content • Testing destructive when holes must be drilled

  12. Moisture Assessment • Moisture meters • Some types non-destructive, use electrical impedance measurement • Contacts rest on concrete surface • May also report humidity • Mostly used prior to flooring application

  13. Surface Preparation • Perform thorough assessment • Need sound surface • pH measurement • Specify appropriate patching materials • Cementitious products – epoxy, urethane • 100% acrylic products

  14. Surface Preparation • Surface cleaning to remove grease, oil, contaminants, etc. • SSPC-SP 1 • ASTM D4258 • Air, water cleaning, scrubbing, sweeping or vacuuming may be acceptable

  15. Surface Preparation • Blast cleaning • Lower pressures • SSPC-SP 13 • ASTM D4259 • Variations • Centrifugal wheel blast unit, e.g. Blastrac

  16. Surface Preparation • International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) • Technical Guideline No. 310.2-1997 (formerly No. 03732), “Selecting and Specifying Concrete Surface Preparation for Sealers, Coatings, and Polymers Overlays” • Defines levels of preparation based on surface profile roughness • Includes surface replica comparison panels

  17. ICRI 310.2 • “Concrete Surface Profile,” CSP 1 - CSP 10 • CSP 3 to 5 typically specified for floor coatings

  18. ICRI 310.2 • CSP 3 – Light shotblast

  19. ICRI 310.2 • CSP 5 – Medium shotblast

  20. ICRI 310.2 • CSP 6 – Medium scarification

  21. Surface Preparation • Hand/power tools • ASTM D4259 • Smaller areas • E.g. rotopeen

  22. Surface Preparation • Acid etching • ASTM D4260 • Surface must be free of: • Sealers, coatings, grease, oil, etc. • Typical acids • Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, citric • Thorough removal of spent acid

  23. Surface Preparation Inspection • Uniform and clean surface • Sound concrete • Surface pH • Moisture content

  24. Coating Options • Polished concrete • Epoxy • Methyl methacrylate acrylic (MMA) • Polyurea/polyaspartic • Polyurethane • Moisture cured polyurethane • Cementitious urethane

  25. Polished Concrete • Densifier to increase surface density and abrasion resistance • Penetrating alkyl silicate/siliconate product • Micro film forming surface treatment (sealer) optional • Polishing/honing of floor • Color may be added • Regular cleaning required

  26. Polished Concrete • Limited chemical resistance • Typical applications • Big box stores • Grocery stores • Mall stores • Office lobbies

  27. Polished Concrete

  28. Epoxy Coatings • Variety of epoxy chemistries • Polyamide, polyamine, novolac • Typically 100%/high solids • Typical system • Epoxy primer • Epoxy base coat(s) • Aggregate broadcast typical • Decorative broadcast possible • Topcoat/sealer (optional)

  29. Epoxy Coatings • Product example • Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper • Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll • Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT • Basecoat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils • Broadcast coat: Epoxy at 60-75 mils • Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-12 mils

  30. Epoxy Coatings • Product example (self leveling) • Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 30-50 grit sandpaper • Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll • Primer: Epoxy at 4-8 mils DFT • Topping: Epoxy, pour/spread to 250 mils • Topcoat: Epoxy at 4-8 mils

  31. Epoxy Coatings • Product example (thinner film) • Surface preparation: Mechanical profile (blasting) equal to 50-80 grit sandpaper • Application by trowel/squeegee & back roll • Primer: Epoxy at 5-8 mils DFT • Topcoat: Epoxy at 8-16 mils DFT

  32. Epoxy Coatings • Typical applications: • Commercial kitchens • Restaurants • Grocery/food preparation • Restrooms • Office/apartment lobbies

  33. Epoxy Coatings

  34. MMA Coatings • Methyl methacrylate acrylic chemistry • Typical system (125 mils total DFT) • Moisture: 85% Max RH • Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 5 • Roller application • MMA primer • MMA basecoat with quartz broadcast • MMA topcoat (2 coats)

  35. MMA Coatings • Typical applications • Commercial kitchens • Grocery stores • Laboratories • Animal holding • Manufacturing/processing

  36. MMA Coatings

  37. Polyurea/Polyaspartic Coatings • 100% solids aliphatic polyurea/ polyaspartic • Product example • Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion • Application by trowel/squeegee • Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT • Basecoat: Polyurea at 8-12 mils DFT • Vinyl chip broadcast option • Topcoat: Polyurea clearcoat at 8-12 mils DFT

  38. Polyurea/polyaspartic Coatings • Typical applications: • Commercial kitchens • Restaurants • Grocery stores • Restrooms

  39. Polyurethane Coatings • High solids aliphatic polyurethane • Product example • Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch • Application by roller • Primer: Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT • Basecoat(s): Polyurethane at 2-4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical

  40. Moisture Cured Polyurethane Coatings • Single component aliphatic MCU • Product example • Surface preparation: Mechanical abrasion/acid etch • Application by roller • Primer: MCU or Epoxy at 2-3 mils DFT • Basecoat(s): MCU at 2-4 mils DFT, multiple coats typical

  41. Polyurethane/MCU Coatings • Typical applications: • Showrooms • Cafeterias • Laboratories

  42. Cementitious Urethane • 100% solids aromatic cementitious urethane • May have broadcast aggregate • High abrasion resistance • High chemical resistance

  43. Cementitious Urethane • Product example • Moisture: 20 lb Max CaCl2 or 99% Max RH • Surface preparation: ICRI 310.2 CSP 4-5 • Application: Trowel applied at 250 mils • Optional topcoat, with or without aggregate broadcast

  44. Cementitious Urethane • Typical applications • Commercial kitchens • Processing areas • Pharmaceutical • Wet areas • Exterior

  45. Cementitious Urethane

  46. Slip Resistance • Utilize flooring material that has acceptable slip resistance under foreseeable conditions • Applicable regulations for required Coefficient of Friction (COF) are not always clear

  47. Slip Resistance • Typical recommendations include: • 0.5 COF by ADA and OSHA • 0.6 COF recommended for accessible routes • 0.8 COF recommended for ramps

  48. Slip Resistance • Many test methods and corresponding equipment for measuring slip • Testing equipment • Drag sled machines • Articulated strut machines • British pendulum • Others

  49. Slip Resistance • Test methods (partial list) • ASTM F1677, Portable Inclineable Articulated Strut Slip Tester • ASTM F1679, Variable Incidence Tribometer • ASTM C1028M, Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces • NFSI B1010.1-2009, Test method for Measuring Wet SCOF of Common Hard Surface Floor Materials • ASTM F609, Horizontal Pull Slipmeter

  50. Summary • Moisture assessment • Surface preparation & inspection • Coating options • Slip resistance

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