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The US Government presented to the Turkey a note on November 2, 1945.

The US Government presented to the Turkey a note on November 2, 1945. . 1) The Straits to be open to the commercial vessels of all nations at all times, 2)The Straits to be open to the transit of the warships of the Black Sea powers at all times,

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The US Government presented to the Turkey a note on November 2, 1945.

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  1. The US Government presented to the Turkey a note on November 2, 1945. • 1)The Straits to be open to the commercial vessels of all nations at all times, • 2)The Straits to be open to the transit of the warships of the Black Sea powers at all times, • 3)Except for an agreed limited tonnage in time of peace, passage through the Straits to be denied to the warships of non-Black Sea powers at all times except with the specific consent of the Black Sea powers or except when acting on the authority of the United Nations. • 4)Certain changes to modernize the Montreux system such as the substitution of the UN Organizations for that of League of Nations elimination of Japan as signatory

  2. AMERICAN SUPPORT TO TURKEY • Untill the early days of 1946, US tried to reach a compromise with SU • Final stage of these efforts was the Moscow Conference on December 1945 • In Moscow Conference they could not reach any compromise at leastfor Iranian issue • After this conference Truman announced that there is no doubt that the basic goal of SU to occupy Turkey and to catch control of Straits, and added that we should give up from the reconciliation game…that “he was tired of babysitting the Soviets who understand only an iron the first and strong language.”

  3. American Support to Turkey • Actually consecutively events of 1946, increased the the scepticism of US;Soviet resistance on the American demands about the withdrawal form Iran,increasing communist threat in Greece,and the Soviet demands from Turkey caused the change of American view of SU

  4. On 28 February 1946, American Foreign Minister Byners, warned SU and announced that US is responsible for the security of whole world: “we will not be silent any use of force or threat of use of force contrary to principles and purposes of United Nations. If we assume ourselves as a strong power we should act not only for the protection of our country but also for the security of the world.” • Churchill also criticized Soviet Politics against Turkey in his famous IRON-CURTAIN speech • Symbol of the increasing American support to TURKEY, US sent the mortal remains of Turkish ambassador MinürErtegün with one of the strongest warship of the world, Missouri

  5. President Inönü welcomed the American support and defined the Missouri as the indicator of new American and Turkish friendship(6 April 1946) • On 17 August 1946, SU sent a new noteto Turkey, US, and Britain at the same time and repeated her demand about the straits . Since the Potsdam Conference US, Turkey and Britain against the fourth and fifth article of SU consisting of the control of straits regime by the states who has sides in the Blcak Sea and the protection of Straits by Turkey and SU together

  6. 1)The Straits should be always open to the passage of merchant ships of all countries. • 2)The Straits should be always open to the passage of warships of the Black sea powers. • 3)Passage through the Straits for warships not belonging to the Black Sea powers shall not be permitted except in cases specially provided for; • 4)The establishment of a regime of the Strait as the sole sea passage leading from the Black Sea and into the Black Sea, should come under the competence of Turkey and other Black Sea powers. • 5)Turkey and the Soviet Union as the Powers most interested and capable of guaranteeing freedom to commercial navigation and security in the Straits, shall organize joint means of defense of the Straits for the prevention of the utilization of the Straits by other countries for aims hostile to the Black Sea Power.

  7. Britain and Turkey followed US, on 21-22 note added that the Turkish Government was ready • On 19 August 1946, US sent a nota to Soviets, rejected the establishmet of military bases on Straits and the protection of Straits only by Turkey and SU. American note insisted on the fact that the establishment of a regime of the Straits was not exclusive concern of the Black Sea powersThe American note declared that Turkey should remain the sole responsible state for the defense of the Straits and added that if this region became the target of a threat or an attack the resulting situation would clearly be a matter for action on the part of the Security Council of United Nations

  8. Britain and Turkey followed US, on 21-22 august responded Soviet note and similar to US they rejected the fourth and fifth article of Soviet note. Meanwhile Turkish note added that the Turkish Government was ready to make some changes on Montreux Convention without violation of Turkish independence and the territorial integrity of Turkey

  9. The Soviet Russia replied this note on September 24, 1946. They insisted that they were in harmony with the principles and purposes of UN and reiterated USSR’s basic position. • The American government replies Soviet note on October 9, reiterating its earlier position and added that the Potsdam Conference provided only exchange of views with Turkey as a useful preliminary to a conference of all the interested powers including the US. • On October 18, Turkey replied Soviet note and reiterated her position again.

  10. Soviet-Turkish tension continued until the death of Stalin on March5,1953. The new Soviet government adopted the policy of “peaceful coexistence” and withdrew her demands from Turkey

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