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Psychopathology 2

Psychopathology 2. Models/Perspectives. KEY FIGURES. Sigmund Freud. Originated psychoanalysis From Vienna, Austria Studied the unconscious mind Techniques included Free association: avoid censoring thoughts Dream analysis: unconscious revealing primitive urges (eat, sleep, etc.).

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Psychopathology 2

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  1. Psychopathology 2 Models/Perspectives

  2. KEY FIGURES

  3. Sigmund Freud • Originated psychoanalysis • From Vienna, Austria • Studied the unconscious mind • Techniques included • Free association: avoid censoring thoughts • Dream analysis: unconscious revealing primitive urges (eat, sleep, etc.)

  4. Sir Francis Galton • 19th century mathematician and scientist • Suggested that heredity influences a person’s character and behaviour • Traced ancestry and found greatness runs in families • Proponent of Eugenics • Invented mental testing procedures

  5. Ivan Pavlov • Behaviourism • investigate observable behaviour • Nobel Prize in 1904 • physiology of digestion • Tuning fork – dog food – salivate • tuning fork – salivate • Stimulus and response

  6. B F. Skinner • American behavioural psychologist • Conditioning behaviour with rewards and punishments • Novelist • Social visionary

  7. Carl Rogers / Abraham Maslow • Humanistic psychology • Backlash against behaviourism • Human nature as active and creative • Maslow’s hierarchy • pyramid of self actualization

  8. MODELS

  9. Models of Abnormality • Definitions • Tell you about abnormality (mentally illness) • Model • Describes the cause of their mental illness • Must distinguish!

  10. Psychological Perspectives/Approaches • Models based on approaches (points of view) • Types of psychologist • Each approach give differentexplanations for the samebehaviour • Four approaches we are going to look at • Biological • Behavioural • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • How would each approach explain violent behaviour?

  11. Explanations for Violent Behaviour It is due to your Physiology i.e. your Hormones Genetics Evolution Brain Damage Biological Approach Learned from violent parents or peers Behavioural Approach Unconscious need to release aggression Psychodynamic Approach You have distorted thinking or have reasoned that it will get you what you want Cognitive Approach

  12. KISSING HOW WOULD THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY EXPLAIN KISSING? Write down a quick note of your ideas for how the Biological, Behavioural, Psychodynamic and Cognitive approaches would explain it!

  13. Biological (Medical) Model of Abnormality

  14. Biological Model – Assumptions • Mental disorders have physiological causes • They can be treated similarly to other disorders

  15. Physiological Causes • Genetic factors • Inherited predispositions to certain mental illnesses (anorexia nervosa, Tourette's syndrome, Down’s syndrome) • Biochemistry • Excess/lack of certain chemicals in brain e.g., • too much dopamine - schizophrenia • too little serotonin - depression • Neuroanatomy • brain damage or inherited structural/organisational defects (autism)

  16. Treatments • Drugs (chemotherapy) • Genetic counselling • Maybe gene therapy? • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) • Psychosurgery

  17. Best Explanations … • Decide which would be the best biological explanation/s for the following disorders. Justify your thoughts. • Anorexia • Tourette’s Syndrome • Dementia • Depression • Schizophrenia • Phobic Disorders • OCD

  18. EVALUATION - MEDICAL MODEL • Strengths • Scientific: results of treatment can be measured and treatment altered until we have a satisfactory outcome • Patient is seen as being ‘ill’, therefore not to blame for their behaviour • Limitations • May be more effective at treating symptoms of mental illness than underlying causes. • Medical intervention may have undesirable side effects

  19. Defining Abnormality:Tourettes Syndrome • Watch the video and give examples of behaviours that match: • Each of the four definitions of abnormality. • Each of Rosenhan & Seligman’s seven elements of abnormality (see notes). Discuss the limitations of each definition and your explanations. • Give the main evidence to support the conclusion that Tourette’s Syndrome is a biological illness.

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