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Optical Communication Networks In Taiwan 台灣 光纖通訊網路現況與展望

Optical Communication Networks In Taiwan 台灣 光纖通訊網路現況與展望. Ming-Jen Tsai 蔡明 仁. (02) 8725 7497 mingjentsai@lucent.com. 美商朗訊科技台灣分公 司 台北市110信義路五段8號7樓 光通訊網路產品 亞太技術支援服務部 資深技術經理. 簡歷：. 1996 - Member of Technical Staff; Lucent Technologies Inc., at North Andover, Massachusetts, USA

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Optical Communication Networks In Taiwan 台灣 光纖通訊網路現況與展望

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  1. Optical Communication Networks In Taiwan台灣光纖通訊網路現況與展望

  2. Ming-Jen Tsai蔡明仁 (02) 8725 7497 mingjentsai@lucent.com 美商朗訊科技台灣分公司 台北市110信義路五段8號7樓 光通訊網路產品 亞太技術支援服務部 資深技術經理 簡歷： • 1996 - Member of Technical Staff; Lucent Technologies Inc., at North Andover, Massachusetts, USA • 1995 - 1996 Member of Technical Staff; AT&T Network Systems at North Andover, Massachusetts, USA • 1994 - 1995 Software Engineer; Lotus Development Corporation at Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA • 1989 - 1994 Engineer; Motorola Codex Corporation at Canton, Massachusetts, USA • 1989 MSEE; University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth (a.k.a. Southeastern Massachusetts University) at North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA

  3. AGENDA • Optical Networking Basic • SDH Hierarchy • Network Elements • Network Management • Benefits and Market Place • Network Examples • In-land Back Haul • Global Networks • Optical Networking Outlook • Optical Switching • Last Mile

  4. AGENDA • Optical Networking Basic • SDH Hierarchy • Network Elements • Network Management • Benefits and Market Place • Network Examples • In-land Back Haul • Global Networks • Optical Networking Outlook • Optical Switching • Last Mile

  5. Optical Networking Basic SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) • Derived from North American SONET standard • A standards-based approach • A single wavelength TDM approach • Offers major benefits over metallic carrier systems (e.g., E1) • Rates well above metallic carrier rates • Simplified bandwidth management (drop/insert) • Sophisticated OAM&P capabilities • Millisecond fault tolerance (protection rings) • Designed to interwork with data traffic (e.g. ATM) • Works well in WDM/DWDM environments

  6. Optical Networking Basic Byte-interleaved transmission on a single wavelength • Combines traffic from multiple inputs onto one common high capacity output • Allows high flexibility in managing traffic; fixed bandwidth • Requires electrical mux / demux function • Commercially available at 10 Gbps (STM-64) rate • 40 Gbps (STM-256) is also available

  7. Optical Networking Basic Metallic Carrier Incompatibilities North America SONET Europe / Asia SDH Carrier Level Japan DS-0/E-0/J-0 0.64Mbps 0.64Mbps 0.64Mbps DS-1/J-1 1.544 Mbps 1.544 Mbps E-1 2.048 Mbps DS-1c/J-1c 3.152 Mbps 3.152 Mbps DS-2/J-2 6.312 Mbps 6.312 Mbps E-2 8.448 Mbps E-3/J-3 34.386 Mbps 32.064 Mbps DS-3 44.736 Mbps DS-3c 91.053 Mbps J-3c 97.728 Mbps E-4 139.264 Mbps DS-4 274.176 Mbps J-4 397.2 Mbps EE E-5 565.148 Mbps

  8. Optical Networking Basic SONET Level Bit Rate SDH Level OC-1 51.84 Mbps OC-3 155.52 Mbps STM-1 OC-12 622.08 Mbps STM-4 OC-48 2.48832 Gbps STM-16 OC-192 9.95328 Gbps STM-64 OC-768 39.81312 Gbps STM-256

  9. The STM-1 Frame Optical Networking Basic Overhead Payload 9 Rows  9 Columns 9 Rows  261 Columns Payload Capacity = 2349 Octets • Regenerator Section Overhead • Administrative Unit Pointer • Multiplex Section Overhead • Administrative Unit - (n)

  10. 261 9 Regenerator Section Overhead 3 1 AU Pointer Administrative Unit (AU) Multiplex Section Overhead 5 Optical Networking Basic Basic SDH Overhead Functions: • Regenerator Section Overhead • Frame Delineation • STM Level Identifier • Error Checking (BIP-8) • Orderwire (64 kbps) • User Data (64 kbps) • EOC for OAM&P (192 kbps) • Multiplex Section Overhead • Administrative Unit Pointer • APS Control • Error Checking (BIP-8) • Orderwire (64 kbps) • EOC for OAM&P (576 kbps)

  11. 1 260 P A T H O VERHEAD Administrative Unit Payload 9 Optical Networking Basic • Path Overhead Functions • Path Continuity Verification • Internal Composition of AU Payload • Error Checking (BIP-8) • Path Status and Performance • User Data (64 kbps) • AUP Internal Subrate Pointers

  12. Optical Networking Benefit PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Path MS Multiplex Section RS Regenerator Section PTE MSTE MSTE PTE STM-N STM-N STM-N STM-N STM-N Path Terminating Equipment Multiplex Section Terminating Equipment Multiplex Section Terminating Equipment Path Terminating Equipment Regenerator Regenerator N=1,4,16,64,256

  13. RSO AUP STM-1 Frame 1 1 P O MSO 261 RSO Administrative Unit AUP STM-1 Frame 2 MSO Optical Networking Basic • AUs may “float” within the STM frame structure • AU pointer marks the beginning of the AU • First byte of path overhead 261 9 9 • Simplifies bandwidth management functions • Full demux not required to cover subrates

  14. 1 1 1 261 261 Optical Networking Basic • AUs may “float” within the STM frame structure 261 RSO AUP STM-1 Frame 1 9 P O MSO RSO Administrative Unit AUP STM-1 Frame 2 9 P O MSO RSO Administrative Unit AUP 9 STM-1 Frame 3 MSO

  15. Optical Networking Basic • STM-N (N=1,4,16,64,256) contains multiple STM-1 frames. Each STM-1 uses its own POH. 261 RSO AUP STM-1 Frame 1 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 2 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 3 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 4 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 5 AUP 9 MSO

  16. Optical Networking Basic • STM-N-Nc (N=1,4,16) contains multiple STM-1 frames; uses POH at first STM-1 frame. 261 RSO AUP STM-1 Frame 1 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 2 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 3 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 4 AUP 9 MSO RSO STM-1 Frame 5 AUP 9 MSO

  17. SDH frames transmitted serially at 8,000 frames per second 125 microsecond frame period 2430 bytes per frame x 8 bits/byte = 19,440 bits/frame 19,440 bits/frame x 8,000 frames/sec = 155,520,000 bps 155.52 Mbps = STM-1 (STS-3c in SONET) E-4 (139.264 Mbps) fits nicely in STM-1 frame (VC-4) FFF Optical Networking Basic

  18. Circuit Switch Circuit Switch SDH Terminal Multiplexer SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer SDH Terminal Multiplexer Repeaters Repeaters Regenerator Sections Regenerator Sections Multiplex Section Multiplex Section Path Optical Networking Basic SDH Layering: Path Layer Construction of AU-n Multiplex Layer Construction of STM-n Regenerator Layer Management of STM-n Transmission Electro-Optical Conversion Photonic Layer

  19. 1 E-4 (139.264 Mbps) DS-3 (44.736 Mbps) TUG-3 AUG VC-4 AU-4 VC-3 TU-3 E-3 (34.386 Mbps) 3 1 DS-2 (6.312 Mbps) 1 VC-2 TU-2 7 1 E-1 (2.048 Mbps) TUG-2 VC-3 AU-3 VC-12 TU-12 3 7 3 N DS-1 (1.544 Mbps) VC-11 TU-11 4 STM-n SDH Subrate Multiplexing Optical Networking Basic

  20. SDH Terminal Multiplexer SDH Terminal Multiplexer Repeaters Optical Networking Basic Point-to-point configuration Linear Configuration SDH Terminal Multiplexer SDH Add/Drop Multiplexer SDH Terminal Multiplexer Repeaters Repeaters

  21. Optical Networking Basic • Protection ring configuration • Ring of SDH add/drop multiplexers • Ring implementation choices: • 2-fiber or 4-fiber • unidirectional or bidirectional • line switched or path switched • STM rate

  22. SDH networks are high capacity systems STM-64 = 129,000 voice telephone calls! Failure requires instant restoration SDH has Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Perhaps the most critical aspect of the technology Linear networks use duplicate fiber(s) and sometimes duplicate equipment for protection Ring networks use duplicate fibers and a working and protect span for protection 50 ms restoral time Optical Networking Basic

  23. ATM TSA TSA E-1, E-3 TSA COT COT Optical Networking Basic Common SDH Network Element Roles TM STM-1 E-1 ADM ADM PBX SDH Ring E-1 Central Office DCS ADM ADM DCS E-1 ADM RT ADM DCS SDH Ring ADM ADM ADM - Add/Drop Multiplex PBX - Private Branch Exchange COS - Central Office Switch RT - Remote Terminal COT - Central Office Terminal TM - Terminal Multiplex DCS - Digital Cross-Connect System TSA - Terminal Service Adapter STM-1

  24. ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 DACS 4/4/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 Optical Networking Basic ITM-NM ITM-NM ITM-SC Server 各地營運處 備援中心 網管主中心 ITM-SC Server ITM-SC Server Wide Area Network Existing WAN/Frame relay/X.25/ATM/Lease Line Hub Hub ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT ITM-CIT

  25. ITM - The Lucent Technologies Integrated Transport Management, abbreviated to ITM, offers modularity in management functionality, enabling Lucent Technologies to offer a customized set of management capabilities, dependent on the individual customer requirements. The possible functionality of ITM in terms of ITU-management classes is: (1) Fault and Event; (2) Configuration; (3) Performance Monitoring; (4) Testing; (5) Security. ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 16/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 ADM 4/1 Optical Networking Basic ITM-NM,SC,CIT functions Fault and Event Customer SDH Network Configuration Performance Monitoring Testing Security

  26. AGENDA • Optical Networking Basic • SDH Hierarchy • Network Elements • Network Management • Benefits and Market Place • Network Examples • In-land Back Haul • Global Networks • Optical Networking Outlook • Optical Switching • Last Mile

  27. Economics favor highest available bit rate per channel 40% lower cost/bit for each 4x increase in bit rate (at maturity) Benefit And Market Place 1.0 0.8 0.6 Relative Price ($/bit) 0.4 0.2 0 0.622 2.5 10 40 TDM Bit Rate (Gb/s)

  28. 數據通信網路服務 語音通信網路服務 視訊通信網路服務 固定通信網路服務 行動通信網路服務 衛星通信網路服務 第一類電信服務業者 第二類電信服務業者 財團法人資訊工業策進會 資訊市場情報中心 : 我國固網服務產業的發展現況 租用線路 第一類電信服務業者 第二類電信服務業者 出售頻寬 出售頻寬 轉售頻寬 消費者(企業與個人) 共計57家 固網電信業者4家 電路出租業者21家 行動電話業者6家 衛星通訊業者16家 其他無線通訊業者29家 共計286家 ISP業者152家(已登記) 註：代表性業者，(1) ISP類如中華電信、數位聯合、亞太線上、台灣電訊、英普達、和信超媒體、東森國際網路，(2)電路出租類如和宇寬頻，(3)國際電信服務類如AT&T、MCI WorldCom、Global One 資料來源：電信總局，資策會MIC，2001年3月 • 一類電信業者擁有實體網路與機房，市場進出障礙較高 • 二類電信業者與一類業者共存榮的空間逐漸受到壓縮

  29. 財團法人資訊工業策進會 資訊市場情報中心 : 我國固網服務產業的發展現況 第一類電信4大固網業者積極尋求 集團資源整合 台灣四家固網業者背景資料 資料來源：各業者，資策會MIC整理， 2001年3月 • 線路管溝、機房、營運管理系統、工程人員、以至於客戶資源之共享

  30. 財團法人資訊工業策進會 資訊市場情報中心 : 我國固網服務產業的發展現況 第二類電信公司與4大固網業者產生微妙的競合關係 台灣國際纜網通信、三達通訊、全球光海纜、台灣國際海纜、網上網洲際海纜 國際海纜電路 出租公司 和信電訊..等 HiNet、Seednet、和信超媒體、東森國際網路、台灣電訊、英普達、亞太線上、太平洋聯網、大同、廣通、太碁..等，迄3月登記總計152家 國內電路出租 公司 ISP 企業網路 服務公司 4家固網公司 台灣電訊、英普達、瑪凱電信..等 中華電信、台灣固網、東森寬頻電信、新世紀資通 國外電信業者 國際級頻寬 服務公司 AT&T、MCI WorldCom、GlobalOne、Hong Kong Telecom、AboveNet..等 SingTel、Hong Kong Telecom，以及各國主要電信業者..等 資料來源：各業者，資策會MIC整理，2001年3月 • 4大固網業者的優勢在於掌握頻寬成本，以發揮規模經濟取得市場的地位 • 二類電信服務業者(包括ISP、電路出租公司、企業網路服務公司、國際級頻寬服務公司)的優勢在於成本投資較低，可彈性運用資源

  31. AGENDA • Optical Networking Basic • SDH Hierarchy • Network Elements • Network Management • Benefits and Market Place • Network Examples • In-land Back Haul • Global Networks • Optical Networking Outlook • Optical Switching • Last Mile

  32. @ B @ B B B @ B B B STM-4 H24101-11 STM-4 H10003-22 B B B B STM-4 H10003-21 @ B B STM-4 H24102-21 B B STM-4 H24102-11 STM-4 H10606-11 B B B B B B B B STM-4 H10003-11 B STM-4 H10002-22 H10003 H(1,3) STM-4 H10002-21 B H10003 H(2,5) @ @ B B Area 2002 (39) H24102 H(2,5) A24101 AH(1,4) STM-16 A10001-2 @ B B H10002 H(2,7) @ STM-4 H24201-11 B STM-4 H10606-21 H10606 H(2,3) H10605 H(0,0) B Area 2003 (55) H24201 H(1,3) STM-16 A10001-1 STM-16 A4101-1 {4} STM-4 H10002-11 H10002 H(1,2) B @ A10001 A1(2,3,8) Level 2 NE Q-LAN B @ A10001 A1(2,5,12) A10001 A2’(0,28) {4} H24202 H(1,2) B A24101 A1(3,4,10) STM-4 H10001-11 {3} A10001 AH(1,2) {2} STM-16 B STM-4 H24202-11 B {3} B {5} STM-4 H10001-22 A10001 A2(5,0) A24101 A2’(0,14) A10001 AH(2,6) (CO23504) B B STM-16 {1} {6} Area 2001 (31) {2} STM-4 H10001-21 B B B B STM-4 H11002-21 SSU B B A24101 A2(4,0) C’(0,0,42) [34] B HUB C(2,9,0) [29] Managed by NNHSC01 {5} @ STM-4 H10604-13 {1} B {4} Area 2004 (29) H11002 H(1,3) B B MCHSC01 STM-4 H22001-21 H10604 H(1,1) STM-4 H11001-11 B B B B B STM-16 A10601-3 STM-4 H23501-21 STM-4 H10604-12 B C(2,10,8) [16] C’(0,0,42) [55] B B B C(1,5,15) [23] B B B STM-4 H22003-11 {2} STM-4 H11001-21 {3} {1} STM-16 CO23504-2 STM-16 CO23504-3 STM-16 CO23504-1 B H10604 H(2,8) B H22001 H(1,2) STM-4 H10604-11 A23501 AH(1,2) B B H22003 H(2,3) STM-4 H22003-21 H11001 H(2,5) {3} STM-16 A23501-1 B B A11001 A2’(0,42) A10601 A2(6,0) A23102 A2(4,8) A23501 A2 (5,15) A23501 A1(4,6,13) STM-4 H10603-21 A10601 A1(3,6,15) B STM-16 A10601-1 H10603 H(2,3) {2} {1} {1} STM-4 H23402-11 {2} {5} {1} H23402 H(1,1) B STM-4 H10603-11 B A23102 A1(3,2,3) H23502 H(2,7) A10601 A1(1,2,5) H23101 H(1,2) M B A10601 A1(1,2,7) STM-4 H23101-11 B STM-4 H10601-12 STM-16 A23102-1 B STM-4 H23502-31 STM-4 H23502-11 {3} {2} B {4} A23102 AH(2,5) STM-16 A10601-2 H10601 AH(2,7) B B {3} STM-4 H10601-22 B B B B H10601 AH(2,8) STM-4 H23102-22 STM-4 H23102-21 B B B B H23401 H(1,1) H23503 H(0,0) H10602 H(2,7) STM-4 H10601-11 STM-4 H23401-11 B B B STM-4 H10601-21 B STM-4 H10602-21 STM-4 H10602-11 B A11001&A23101 are not assigned yet, because the network configuration is changed! B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B Network Examples

  33. HJF02 NBF01 Data-Backbone-Ring2 9480 9480 9580 9580 MLO01 Data DWDM Ring3 HLO01 TPA04 Data DWDM Ring1 Data Backbone Ring2 9580 9580 WKA05 WKF01 TPF01 PHA04 9570 9580 PHA05 Data Backbone Ring2 TGO01 WKA06 9480 9480 9570 9580 TCF01 TCF02 PHF01 9480 YSA07 9480 PHF02 LGO01 Data DWDM Ring4 YLO01 YSA08 9480 9480 Data Backbone Ring2 Data DWDM Ring2a TLO01 9480 MZO01 HJA05 WKF02 MSO01 HJA06 9480 Data Backbone Ring2 CYO01 PDO01 NKO01 TCA05 9480 HYO01 9480 TCA06 YSF01 9480 9480 Data Backbone Ring2 YKF01 YSF02 YKF02 9480 9480 9480 9480 Data DWDM Ring5 Data DWDM Ring2b YKA03 Full Add/Drop Terminal YKA04 KSO01 Data Backbone Ring2 Repeater (OA) Terminal SMA02 9480 9480 9480 9480 SMF01 HJF01 Network Examples

  34. 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1560 1565 1555 Ring 1 Ring 3 Ring 4 Ring 5 Network Examples 194.0 196.0 195.0 193.0 192.0 ¦(THz) l (nm) Ring 2a Ring 2b

  35. Network Examples Ajigaura Japan To Harbor Point, WA Korea Shima Japan To Glove Beach, CA Hong Kong Taiwan Philippine Singapore

  36. Network Examples To 內湖電信設備機房 八里國際海纜登陸站 Submarine Cable A D D M T1: 63 W STM-16 opt(1+1): 1 1 (1:n) 1 D M 0 6/ STM-4 opt G 1 DWDM Primary Route (1+1): 4 DS-3: 36 (43 km G.655) (1+1) D W T STM-1 opt D O O D (1+1): 20 M A L L M STM-64 BWM D S S (ring) DS-3: 36 STM-64 STM-16 opt(1+1): 1 D M (ring) (1+1) 4 4 W 1 0 0 D STM-64 1 M 6/ 0 0 STM-64 (ring) E1: 63 0 1 (ring) G G (1:n) STM-4 opt G (1+1): 4 D W DWDM Backup Route D (61 km G.655) T M STM-1 opt D (1+1): 20 M STM-16 opt(1+1): 2

  37. AGENDA • Optical Networking Basic • SDH Hierarchy • Network Elements • Network Management • Benefits and Market Place • Network Examples • In-land Back Haul • Global Networks • Optical Networking Outlook • Optical Switching • Last Mile

  38. Optical Networking Outlook

  39. Optical Networking Outlook - Optical Channel Management DRI Nodal Locations IP/DWDM Core Networks Large Metro Hub Cable Station Landing Point

  40. Network Restoration and self-healing strategy Optical Rings 4 Provide non-blocking, large scale, wavelength level bandwidth management 1 No Inter-ties!!! Bit-rate and protocol independent cross-connects 2 OXC CORE Optical Networking Outlook - Bandwidth (l ) Management Applications No single point of failure: network is 99.999% available 3

  41. 8 Autonomous reporting of connection table status: connection verification 7 Viable maintenance plan including fault isolation Ability to terminate intra-office protection domain 5 Client NE I / O OXC CORE 1+1 Network • Open SONET/SDH interfaces • Integrated interfaces • Bit-rate transparent interfaces • Any OLS system Open interfaces with the option of cost reduction through proprietary 6 Optical Networking Outlook - Bandwidth (l ) Management Applications Optical Networking Outlook

  42. Optical Networking Outlook - Optical Cross-connect Control OXF-A OXI OXI OTU OTU Rx1.5 Tx SEL Rx Tx1.5 OTU: Optical Translator Unit OXF-B OTU: Optical Translator Unit Selector Splitter

  43. Optical Networking Outlook -micromirror

  44. Optical Networking Outlook - Last Mile

  45. Optical Communication Networks In Taiwan台灣光纖通訊網路現況與展望 The End

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