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ENGLAND

ENGLAND. Absolutism in England. Fall of the ROMAN Empire. Kingdom of England falls in and out of power between several and kings for a period of several hundred years. ANGLO-SAXON. DANISH. NORMAN CONQUEST. - Duke of Normandy

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ENGLAND

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  1. ENGLAND Absolutism in England

  2. Fall of the ROMAN Empire • Kingdom of England falls in and out of power between several and kings for a period of several hundred years ANGLO-SAXON DANISH

  3. NORMAN CONQUEST • - Duke of Normandy crossed the English Channel & invaded England • Battle of - William becomes King • Was a monarch • book – census of population, property, wealth 1066 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR HASTINGS STRONG DOMESDAY

  4. GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS JURY • - system – became a means of settling disputes • - laws the same for all people • - issued in 1215; placed limits on king’s power (opposite of ); rose from dispute between nobles & King COMMON LAW MAGNA CARTA ABSOLUTISM JOHN

  5. GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS 3. MAGNA CARTA cont. • No without • Right to a trial by • Influenced the U.S. & TAXATION REPRESENTATION JURY CONSTITUTION BILL OF RIGHTS

  6. GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS EDWARD I PARLIAMENT 4. - 1295 King called together representatives from around England to meet to raise taxes for war *included not just nobles, but knights & citizens Became standard practice with two houses: • House of - nobles/bishops • House of - knights & burgesses – citizens of wealth LORDS COMMONS

  7. HENRY VIII http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/how-henry-viii-worked/ 1509 - becomes King of England - not having male to throne, asked Catholic Church to his marriage to his wife after years of marriage, she was & could not longer have children. Henry wanted a ; the Pope his request He secretly married Ann Boleyn & was HEIR 1527 ANNUL 24 42 DIVORCE DENIED EXCOMMUNICATED

  8. HENRY VIII POPE PARLIAMENT Henry disregarded the & forced to legalize his divorce & break away from the Catholic Church in . After the other churches had been formed; Henry became the head of England’s Boleyn was crowned 1534 REFORMATION OFFICIAL CHURCH QUEEN

  9. HENRY VIII Boleyn gave birth to a daughter & had the same problem as Catherine; no male Henry had Anne and her and her brother were in 1536 Henry married Jane Seymour and she gave birth to a in 1537 & died two weeks later HEIR ARRESTED BEHEADED SON

  10. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT 3 Henry VIII married more times after the death of Jane Seymour. produced any children 1547 – Henry died – his only son became King at only years old – in ill health, he died at Henry’s daughter from his marriage became Queen – she was Catholic & returned England to Catholic control under the NONE EDWARD VI 9 15 1st POPE

  11. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT 42 Mary died in 1558 at the age of she had no children. She was succeeded by Elizabeth, Henry’s daughter from his wife. She was - 1559 England left the Catholic Church – created the Church of England or Church • Allowed to marry • Conducted services in rather than 2nd PROTESTANT ANGLICAN PRIESTS ENGLISH LATIN

  12. QUEEN ELIZABETH I http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/elizabeth-the-first-before-she-was-queen/ 1603 1558 Ruled from to (45 yrs) Her rule was known as the Era • - famous playwright • - 1st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe • - led colonization of America ELIZABETHAN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE FRANCIS DRAKE WALTER RALEIGH

  13. CONFLICT WITH SPAIN ARMADA 130 30,000 The Spanish fleet of ships with men set sail to invade England They were defeated by the English and very bad . The victory tremendously Elizabeth’s popularity. She died in - she is considered by many to be England’s NAVY INCREASED WEATHER 1603 GREATEST MONARCH

  14. STUARTS ABSOLUTISM MARRIED Elizabeth was never and had children. Her cousin James Stuart, King of became King in . The Stuart rulers believed in - no limit on power; this conflicted with King James died in and his son became King; NO SCOTLAND 1603 DIVINE RIGHT PARLIAMENT 1625 CHARLES I

  15. STUARTS ABSOLUTISM CONFLICT IGNORING TAXES Charles was in constant with Parliament – usually for them and levying high to fight wars. When he needed Parliament – they to cooperate and forced him to sign the of in 1628. He had to agree to: • Not anyone without just cause • Could not without Parliament’s consent • Could not force anyone to house • Could not impose law REFUSED PETITION RIGHT IMPRISON TAX SOLDIERS MARTIAL http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/rival-queens-mary-stuart-and-elizabeth-i/

  16. MORE TROUBLE FOR CHARLES • Ignored much of Petition of Right upsetting • Appointed special courts (Court of the chamber) to persecute those who disagreed with him • Married a • Faced rebellion in who feared PARLIAMENT STAR CATHOLIC SCOTLAND UNIFICATION

  17. MORE TROUBLE FOR CHARLES cont. CIVIL 1642 LOYAL Finally in a war broke out between the supporters of King Charles & the supporters of Parliament – the war would last Years and become known as the PURITAN ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

  18. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR • CAVALIERS - supporters of Charles vs. - supporters of Parliament The led by the “New Model Army” headed by defeated the - King Charles was arrested in 1647, put on trial for and in 1649 ROUNDHEADS ROUNDHEADS OLIVER CROMWELL • CAVALIERS TREASON BEHEADED

  19. OLIVER CROMWELL • MONARCHY LORDS • Abolished the , House of and the Church of • Set up republic called • Persecuted • 1653 – dissolved • Took title “Lord Protector” & ruled as a • Tried to society under Puritan values - promoted ENGLAND COMMONWEALTH • CATHOLICS PARLIAMENT MILITARY DICTATOR REFORM MORALITY

  20. THE RESTORATION • CHARLES II 1660 – Charles I son restored the monarchy - passed in - an arrested person has the right to know charges against him – and defend themselves in front of a judge 1685 – Charles II died & had no King James II upset because he was *He would be England’s last ruler 1679 HABEAS CORPUS • CHILDREN • CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC

  21. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 • ABDICATE FRANCE James II was forced to the throne because of his religion and fled to Parliament wanted a ruler in England James II’s oldest from his first marriage was Protestant; Mary & her husband William became the new rulers PROTESTANT • DAUGHTER

  22. WILLIAM & MARY RULE ENGLAND • ABSOLUTE CONSTITUTIONAL Not as rulers but as a monarch Were forced by Parliament to accept the English Bill of Rights (1689). They could not: • Parliament’s laws • Levy without permission • with freedom of speech • citizens who question the monarchy • SUSPEND TAXES INTERFERE ARREST

  23. WORKS CITED William I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/77028/media?assemblyId=120754>. Magna Carta: John signing the Magna Carta. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/50003/media?assemblyId=87844>. John: John signing the Magna Carta. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/50003/media?assemblyId=110755>. parliament: Elizabethan Parliament. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/58522/media?assemblyId=89858>. Holbein, Hans, the Younger: portrait of Henry VIII . Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/40026/media?assemblyId=119984>. Maclise, Daniel. Daniel Maclise Henry VIIIs First Interview with Anne Boleyn.jpg. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons, 9 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daniel_Maclise_Henry_VIIIs_first_interview_with_Anne_Boleyn.jpg>. Anne Boleyn. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/7683/media?assemblyId=8484>.

  24. WORKS CITED cont. Edward VI. IMAGE. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://media3.school.eb.com/eb-media/67/167-004-E330D174.jpg>. Elizabeth I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/106028/media?assemblyId=10392>. Royal Navy, the: English navy and the Spanish Armada, 1588. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/9497/media?assemblyId=117456>. Charles I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/22559/media?assemblyId=9308>. Charles I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/22559/media?assemblyId=139099>. Cromwell, Oliver. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/109638/media?assemblyId=1280>. Cromwell, Oliver. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/109638/media?assemblyId=110131>.

  25. WORKS CITED cont. Mary II: William III and Mary II. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May 2014. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/68046/media?assemblyId=122533>.

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