Search Patterns

1. Search Patterns W S

2. Objectives • DEMONSTRATE search pattern nomenclature • APPLY standard search pattern designations • IDENTIFY the purpose of each search pattern • FORWARD a search pattern to an SRU • SELECT the appropriate search pattern • PLOT a search pattern

3. Search Area Designation How are search areas designated? A, B, C... When does it become a B search? When drift is re-calculated. CSP CSP A-1 A-2

4. Describing Search Areas The standard methods used to designate search areas Corner Point Method Center Point Method

5. Describing Search Areas BLDG ABAND LT HOU Point Comfort SMC will pass this information from the SAROPS summary. 20 NM 44-30 N 62-20 W Center Point or Corner Points will be passed to the SRU 12 NM 060 T

6. Search Pattern Selection

7. What is your Time, current • datum accuracy? • search area size? Large or Small • SRU’s? Number, type, speed • environment? FAC or Hurricane • Search target Large or small • detection aids? Visual, Radar, NVG?

8. Track space Sweep Width Nomenclature Cross Legs Commence Search Point (CSP) Search Legs MajorAxis 3nm Minor Axis

9. Nomenclature N Creep Direction of Creep W E CSP S

10. Search Pattern Designation CS BS TSN SS TSR Shoreline PS VS

11. Search Pattern Designation First letter designates the Pattern Type PParallel track VSector CCreeping lineBBarrier SSquareTTrackline P

12. Search Pattern Designation Second letter designates number of units SSingle unitMMulti-unit S P

13. Search Pattern Designation The third letter designates specialized SRU patterns or instructions. NNon returnRReturn T S R

14. Trackline Patterns • Criteria • Used when the intended route of the search object is known. • A rapid and reasonably thorough coverage of the missing craft's proposed track.

15. Trackline Patterns Trackline Single-unitNon-return (TSN) A CSP B

16. Trackline Patterns Trackline Single-unitReturn (TSR) CSP A CSP offset ½-search track spacing from the trackline B

17. Parallel Patterns Criteria • Used to cover large search areas. • Provides uniform coverage. • Only an approximate initial position is known.

18. Parallel Track Single Unit(PS) Major Axis CSP Minor Axis

19. Creeping Line Patterns • Criteria • Used to cover one end of an area first • or • To change direction of the search legs. • CSP is located 1/2 track spacing inside the corner of the search area.

20. Creeping Line Single Unit (CS) Search Legs are oriented to the minor axis Major Axis CSP

21. Square Patterns • Criteria • Used to search a small area. • Some doubt exists about the distress position • Provides uniform coverage.

22. Square Patterns • Execution • CSP is at datum. • First leg is in the direction of drift. • All turns are 90 degrees to the right. • Search leg length is increased by one track space on every other leg.

23. Square Single Unit (SS) 3 S = 1 NM 1 4 3 1 2 4 2 4

24. Sector Patterns • Criteria • Datum is established within close limits. • High coverage is desired in the immediate vicinity of datum. • Area to be searched is not extensive.

25. Sector Patterns • Execution • CSP is at datum. • First leg is in the direction of the object’s drift. • All turns are 120 degrees to the right. • Second search begins 30 degrees to the right.

26. Sector Single Unit (VS) r CSP Corrected Sweep Width (W) is equal to the 2x radius and determined by the search object.

27. Sector Single Unit (VS) Second Pattern First pattern Second pattern off set 30 degrees to the right

28. Cross-Over Barrier Pattern • High current areas • Containment of Datum is paramount • Search legs perpendicular to movement of target

29. Cross-Over Barrier Pattern (BS) Distress Position Current

30. Shoreline Search Small vessels or aircraft: low altitudes & speeds close inspections of the terrain Consider the possibility of survivors clinging to navigational aids such as buoys, or to rocks offshore

31. Shoreline Search Example: SMC’s intention is to search .5 NM offshore

32. Review • What axis do the search legs of a PS run along? • Where is CSP for a VS? a PS? • What direction does the 2nd search start in a VS?

33. Review • What direction are all turns in an SS? • Which pattern is used for large area, uniform coverage and the approximate position is known? • What is the direction of all turns in a VS?

34. Plotting Search Patterns

35. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “PS” Determine Search Area Major Axis Search Area Minor Axis

36. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “PS” Measure ½ track spacing in from the corners Major Axis Minor Axis

37. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “PS” Connect the marks to make the patterns size Major Axis Minor Axis

38. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “PS” Mark CSP, then mark full track spacing Major Axis Minor Axis CSP

39. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “PS” • Lay out search legs and erase every other cross leg Major Axis Minor Axis CSP

40. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 C- ºT/ ºC D- NM C- ºT ºC D- NM C- ºT/ ºC D- NM S- KN CSP Plotting a “PS” • Label a minimum of three legs Major Axis

41. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “CS” Determine Search Area Major Axis Search Area Minor Axis

42. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “CS” Measure ½ track spacing in from the corners Major Axis Search Area Minor Axis

43. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “CS” Connect the marks to make the pattern size Major Axis Minor Axis

44. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “CS” Mark CSP and measure a full track spacing Major Axis Minor Axis CSP

45. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “CS” Lay out search legs and erase every other cross leg Major Axis Minor Axis CSP

46. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 C- ºT/ ºC D- NM C- ºT ºC D- NM C- ºT/ ºC D- NM S- KN Plotting a “CS” • Label a minimum of three legs CSP

47. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Plotting a “VS” • Plot datum and arc a full track spacing around it

48. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 Datum (CSP) Plotting a “VS” • Lay down the first track line in the direction of drift

49. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 CSP Plotting a “VS” • Mark track spacing on either side of the line

50. 1 ½ 0 1 2 3 4 CSP Plotting a “VS” • Lay out the remaining track lines by connecting the marks