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1. Best English Notes - CONJUNCTION Best English Notes For IAS Prelims Paper 2 - CSAT The word or a pair of words which is used to join two (or more) sentences , nouns ,adjectives, phrases, clauses is known as conjunction. The word conjunction Examples - Ram andrita are going. (connecting nouns) They said that they would study. (connecting clauses)

2. CONJUNCTION The word or a pair of words which is used to join two (or more) sentences , nouns ,adjectives, phrases, clauses is known as conjunction. The word conjunction Examples - Ram and rita are going. (connecting nouns) They said that they would study. (connecting clauses)

3. Types of CONJUNCTION Conjunctions are mainly of three types - • Coordinating conjunction (forms compound sentences) • Subordinating conjunctions (forms complex sentences) • Correlative conjunctions (links the same words )

4. Coordinating conjunction Conjunction which join two sentences (both the sentences will give complete meaning) or we can say two independent clauses is known as coordinating conjunction. Some commonly used coordinating conjunctions are - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS) Examples - She drove the car and returned it to the owner. He was busy but he attended the call. They tried hard yet they failed.

5. Subordinating conjunctions Conjunction which join two sentences or we can say one independent clause (complete meaning) and one dependent clause (it has its own subject and verb but does not give a complete meaning.)is known as subordinating conjunction. Some commonly used subordinating conjunctions are - if, until, unless, lest, before, after, though, although, than, because, as, since, that Examples - I bought a necklace that costs me hundred rupees.

6. Correlative conjunction These are the conjunctions which appear in pair. Either ……….. Or Not only ………… but also Neither ………………. Nor Note Correlative conjunctions always link the same kind of words. If the first part of conjunction is connected with verb the second part should also be connected to verb. Verb ……………. Verb Noun …………… noun Pronoun …………… pronoun Adjective …………… adjective Find errors if any: • Not only they invited his parents but also his wife. • Neither she is intelligent nor hardworking.

7. Examples of conjunctions used for different purposes: • Time: When, whenever, till, untill, before, after, as soon as, as, since, etc Ex: Make hay while the sun shines. I have been working since the morning. 2. Condition: If, unless, provided that, supposing,etc. Ex: Supposing you have won a lottery, what would you do? He will help you if you ask him. He will stay in office until you reach there. 3. Place: Where, wherever, whither(to what place), whence( from what place), etc Ex: Let her go wherever she likes to go. He went back whence he came. 4. Comparison: As-----so, so----as, etc Ex: Manju is as intelligent as Sudhir. Vivin is not so strong as your brother. 5. Cause or Reason: as, because, since, etc Ex: He is allowed to enter as he has the entry pass. She is crying because someone has stolen her purse.

8. Examples of conjunctions used for different purposes: 6. Purpose: So that, in order that, lest,etc Ex: Run fast lest you should miss the train.. We eat so that we may live. 7. Result or consequences: Such that, so that, that,etc. Ex: The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it. 8. Concession: Though,although,yet, however, etc. Ex: Although he is intelligent, he is simple. 9. Manner: As, as though, so far,etc. Ex: He protested as though he were in opposition.

9. Find errors if any: • Shivam and shivani is siblings. • The manager and the executive are working over the assignment. • The manager and executive are working over the assignment. • My teacher and friend are travelling to Singapore. • My teacher and my friend are travelling to Singapore. • My mother and father have arrived. • Both Kapil as well as Sohan have visited here • My brother is both intelligent or laborious. • Nothing but my books were there. • I along with some of my friends are going to join the gym.

10. Find errors if any:(Underlined parts have no errors) • Neither my friends nor I are sure about the facts. • Not only our PM visited Lucknow but also Delhi. • Either you should convey it to your mother or your father. • Your house is not either beautiful nor useful. • Her brother is neither intelligent nor laborious or honest. • They sent him either a file or a page nor a pen in that bag. • Although he is intelligent but he is hardworking. • Hardly I had left the class when the children made a noise. • Scarcely had he gone there, then he met his father. • No sooner did the teacher enter the class, when the students stood up.

11. Find errors if any:(Underlined parts have no errors) • The reason why I could not attend the meeting was because I was ill. • I have never written nor talked to him. • He did not operate it nor touched it. • Give me your bag lest I will shoot you. • I am such a fool that to believe him. • She behaved in such a way that everyone became disappointed. • Until he does not solve the problem, I will stay with him. • She does not know that where Mohan lives. • Unless the light turns green, no one will move. • Until you work hard, you won’t pass.

12. Find errors if any:(Underlined parts have no errors) • He doubts that she will help him. • He is not doubtful that I will finish his work in time. • This is the same car which I wanted. • This is the same dress as mine. • I have no other option but t get a job. • Both the rich along with the poor are responsible for a great many vices with which our society as well as country is inflicted. • As he is a perfectionist, so he always insists on regular practice. • When he was walking in the field, a snake bit him. • While I came to her home, she was sleeping. • In about five minutes they would cover the distance from the road to the point when the waves would begin to lick their feet

13. RULES TO BE FOLLOWED: • Always use pair conjunctions properly. Though / although - yet, , Both / Between - and From - to So …………. As (comparison) (negative sentences) As …………….. As (comparison) (positive sentences) So ………………. That Whether ………...… Or Scarcely …………….. When/Before(Priority to when) - Use INVERSION Hardly ……………… When/Before(Priority to when) - Use INVERSION Lest ………………… Should Too …………………. To Else …………………. But Either ………. Or , or , or Neither ………… nor , nor nor No sooner ……………. Than - Use INVERSION Rather/ No other ……………. Than

14. RULES TO BE FOLLOWED: 2. Do not use ‘not’ after unless, until and lest because of the negative nature of these words. 3. If the subjects of the sentence are joined by the following words then the verb should be used which will agree with the first subject- As well as, alongwith, with, together with, and not, in addition to, but, besides, except, rather than, accompanied by, like, unlike, no less than, nothing but etc. 4. Do not use that with relative adverbs She does not know where Mohan lives. 5. Do not use therefore, so, this etc after Because, since and as. 6. Until vs Unless: Unless is based on the fulfillment of a said condition, whereas until is concerned with the time frame of the fulfillment of such a condition. 7. Use if/whether with doubtful/doubt in affirmative/ interrogative sentence.Use that with doubtful/doubt in negative sentence. 8. Use that/as with the relative pronoun the same. 9. when Vs while When is used when an action is completed when the other action starts whereas while is used when the first action is still continuing and in between second action starts.

15. Find errors if any: • Scarcely had they returned (1)/ from the railway station, (2)/ than the dog died in (3)/the backyard of the house.(4)/ NO ERROR (5) • Online courses should be started (1)/ not only to increase the strength of (2)/ students, yet to make them aware (3)/ about the level of coaching we are providing.(4)/ NO ERROR(5) • The Indian e -commerce and start up sector, which until recently was not(1)/ talked about as one(2)/ of the most exciting places(3)/ to be in, has hit a top patch(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ . • Your future depends(1)/ not only on how(2)/ you are preparing(3)/but on how fast you are learning(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/. • They are very happy for (1)/ excited as well to announce that they (2)/are opening their(3)/ third branch in Delhi.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • The questions of the(1)/ new test are likely(2)/ to be so difficult as five(3)/ times the present test questions.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • When her husband (1)/ gets the filmfare award (2) then she will (3)/ be very happy.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • As she is a (1)/ very good cook so (2)/her food always (3)/ tastes delicious.(4)/ NO ERROR • She has a variety(1)/ of cosmetics in her /(2) new market shop (3)/ and she will not sell them to anyone.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Unless you (1)/ don’t work hard (2)/, you won’t clear (3)/ the examination (4)/ NO ERROR (5)/

16. Find errors if any: • He was not(1)/ so good at communication(2)/ skills that(3)/ i had expected.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Though the carpenter(1)/ is old but he works(2)/ really hard to(3)/ earn his livelihood.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Because she is wise(1)/ and intelligent therefore(2)/ she clears all the(3)/ exams in first division.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • You must either study(1)/ carefully else be ready(2)/ to face the consequences(3) after your result.(4)/ NO ERROR(5)/ • Hardly had the cleaner(1)/ finished cleaning the(2)/ window than the owner(3)/ came and asked him to clean the table.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Not only he(1)/ deceived his parents(2)/ but also his (3)/ classmates for a girl.(4)/ NO ERROR • Though rohan prepared(1)/ very hard for this(2)/ exam of graduation (3)/, still he could not clear it in the first round .(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Although he had no(1)/ new requirements in(2)/ the office(3)/ but he hired him for no reason.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Both the girl or (1)/the boy have applied (2)/for job in a Multinational (3)/company located in NCR region.(4)/ NO ERROR(5)/ • Because he is good (1)/in sports therefore (2)/he got selection in the (3)/annual state sports meet.(4)/ NO ERROR

17. Find errors if any: • Many of the girls (1)/are so beautiful (2)/and charming as her (3)/ if not more than her.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • I really don't know if (1)/any of the boys of this school (2)/is going to participate (3)/in the football tournament or not.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • Both the girls (1)/alongwith the boys presented (2)/ a two wheeler to the peon (3)/of the school on his birthday.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/ • No sooner he had satisfied (1)/the workers of the company (2)/than he began to introduce new rules (3)/and regulations in the company.(4)/ NO ERROR (5)/

18. Directions : In the question given below two statements are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by choosing the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the best possible word as your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence. Q1. (I) Early one morning, (II) The fever left me as suddenly and mysteriously as it had come. (a) nonetheless (b) moreover (c) however (d) still (e) either……or Q2. (I) The sky had grown darker again (II) The wind made queer sobbing sounds as it swept over the valley. (a) but (b) still (c) though (d) although (e) and

19. Directions : In the question given below two statements are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by choosing the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the best possible word as your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence. Q3. (I) He was an accomplished pianist and composer (II) He never published any of his works. (a) not only……but also (b) although (c) and (d) however (e) furthermore Q4. (I) Copper is not yet universally employed, price being the governing factor in its employment; (II) The conducting quality of the iron used for telegraphic purposes has of late years been very greatly improved. (a) so (b) however (c) moreover (d) likewise (e) similarly

20. Directions : In the question given below two statements are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by choosing the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the best possible word as your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence. Q5. (I) Imagine a thousand new arts, none of which are even invented (II) Each with a thousand new great masters. (a) nevertheless (b) nonetheless (c) and (d) yet (e) but Q6. (I) All change is a miracle to contemplate (II) It is a miracle which is taking place every instant. (a) still (b) may be (c) neither……nor (d) either……or (e) but

21. Directions : In the question given below two statements are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by choosing the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the best possible word as your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence. Q7. (I) We are justified in concluding, therefore, that among the Greeks and Romans (II) The examination of the liver was the basis of divination in the case of the sacrificial animal. (a) and (b) likewise (c) still (d) till (e) until Q8. (I) When public officials act wrongly (II) Americans feel a responsibility to protest (a) instead of (b) in spite of (c) On the other hand (d) despite (e) still

22. Directions : In the question given below two statements are given which are grammatically correct and meaningful. Connect them by choosing the word given below the statements in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the best possible word as your answer accordingly from the options to form a correct, coherent sentence. Q9. (I) I require of a visitor that he be not actually starving, (II) He may have the very best appetite in the world, however he got it. (a) till (b) unless (c) though (d) or (e) but Q10. (I) The fact that he studied very hard, (II) He still didn’t pass the exam (a) in spite of (b) despite of (c) moreover (d) likewise (e) similarly

23. Direction (1-2): In the given question, few sentences which are grammatically correct and meaningful are stated. Connect them to form pairs with the given word in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the answer accordingly. (IBPS PO MAINS 2017) 1. WHILE A) Point-source pollution enters the environment and the place most affected is usually the area immediately around the source and are often neglected by the government. B) A great deal of water pollution happens not from one single source but from many different scattered sources which is called nonpoint-source pollution and are taken care of. C) We know that pollution is a human problem because it is a relatively recent development in the planet's history: before the 19th century Industrial Revolution, people lived more in harmony with their immediate environment. D) Many initiatives have been taken by local people to reduce pollution and take care of the point sources. A. A-B B. B-C C. C-D D. Both A-B and A-D E. Both A-C and A-D

24. Direction (1-2): In the given question, few sentences which are grammatically correct and meaningful are stated. Connect them to form pairs with the given word in the best possible way without changing the intended meaning. Choose the answer accordingly. (IBPS PO MAINS 2017) 2. AND A) Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager of nurses trained by her during the Crimean War. B) Nightingale organised the tending to wounded soldiers in the camps during the war, coming to be known as the ‘Lady with the Lamp.’ C) Nightingale’s social reforms include improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India. D) Nightingale helped to abolish prostitution laws that were over-harsh to women. A. A-C B. A-B C. C-D D. Both A-C and C-D E. Both A-B and B-C

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