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BME 262 Biomaterials Yeditepe University Spring 2010 Prof. Dr. A. C ü neyt Ta ş

BME 262 Biomaterials Yeditepe University Spring 2010 Prof. Dr. A. C ü neyt Ta ş Feb 24, 2010 Lecture. Relationship between Materials Science and Biological/Medical Sciences. Materials science and engineering is an interdisciplinary field,

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BME 262 Biomaterials Yeditepe University Spring 2010 Prof. Dr. A. C ü neyt Ta ş

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  1. BME 262 Biomaterials Yeditepe University Spring 2010 Prof. Dr. A. Cüneyt Taş Feb 24, 2010 Lecture

  2. Relationship between Materials Science and Biological/Medical Sciences

  3. Materials science and engineering is • an interdisciplinary field, • using and seeking fundamental knowledge from the • basic science areas, such as chemistry, physics, geology, • mathematics, thermodynamics, zoology, and biology, • 3. dealing with the synthesis and processing of metals, • ceramics, glasses, and polymers, • 4. dealing with both synthetic (man-made) and natural materials, • 5. developing new methods for synthesizing biologically-inspired • materials to be used as implants in clinical applications, • 6. seeking new methods for mimicking the nature (biomimetic), • 7. one of the top engineering fields which globally receives • impressive research funding.

  4. Synthesis: • Formation of materials • Preparation of materials • by using chemical and physical techniques. • Synthesis techniques to be developed • must be environmentally-friendly and • must not cause any toxic side-effects • on all living creatures and biological resources of the Earth. • Synthesis techniques must not totally consume all or parts of • a specific natural resource of the Earth.

  5. Processing: The combination of all engineering techniques and procedures required for the realization of a specified engineering goal. All successful and civilized engineering processes must be economically feasible, safe and non-hazardous for the living creatures, statistically-sound, reliable and reproducible.

  6. Characterization: The combination of numerous analytical techniques, tools and instruments serving the materials scientist (and the biological/medical scientist) to collect (and then exploit) information about the physical, chemical, and biological state of a given material. Only a well-characterized material can reach the stage of clinical application in the form of an implant biomaterial.

  7. Characterization of materials:  Chemical  Physical  Biological

  8. Characterization: Natural sciences, since the times of Leonardo da Vinci, are trying to SEE the essence of natural phenomena and materials. All beliefs must be tested against natural facts, and during this process a scientist must practice the utmost doubt and curiosity. Don’t forget: Appearances may be misleading.  Optical microscopy  Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)  Electron microscopy  Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

  9. Optical Microscopy zeiss.com

  10. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Human osteoblast cells, after proper staining, on PMMA.. Blue: cell nuclei Green: actin filaments Orange: vinculin adhesion plaques M. J. Dalby et al., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. M., 13 (2002) 311-314.

  11. zeiss.com Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

  12. Electron Microscopy  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)  Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)  High Resolution Transmission electron Microscopy (HR-TEM)

  13. Zeiss.com Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

  14. SEM

  15. Zeiss.com Transmission electron microscope (SEM)

  16. TEM (with an inset of Selected Area Electron Diffraction pattern, SAED)

  17. HR-TEM H. Coelfen & M. Antonietti, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44 (2005) 5576-5591.

  18. Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM www.witec-instruments.de

  19. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope

  20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscope

  21. Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM DVD, 20 x 20 m image Breast cancer tissue, 78 x 78 m image From: http://www.pacificnanotech.com

  22. Chemical Analysis  Inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) www.perkinelmer.com

  23. Chemical Analysis  Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) www.perkinelmer.com

  24. Chemical Analysis  Mass spectroscopy (MS) www.thermo.com

  25. Physico-chemical Analysis  X-ray diffraction (XRD) www.bruker-axs.de A. C. Tas, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81 (1998) 2853

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