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Chapter 29, Section 3: Protest, Reform, and Doubt

Chapter 29, Section 3: Protest, Reform, and Doubt. Main Idea: The 1960s was a decade filled with problems: political assassinations, scandals, political crises, and protest movements. The Kennedy Years 1960 - 1963.

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Chapter 29, Section 3: Protest, Reform, and Doubt

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  1. Chapter 29, Section 3: Protest, Reform, and Doubt Main Idea: The 1960s was a decade filled with problems: political assassinations, scandals, political crises, and protest movements.

  2. The Kennedy Years1960 - 1963 • Kennedy defeats Nixon in 1960 by a narrow margin (1st TV debates favored Kennedy!) • Youngest elected President @ 43: “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country” (& only Catholic) • New Frontier – JFK’s programs (space exploration, Peace Corps) • Alan Sheppard – 1st American in space • Assassination – 11/22/63 in Dallas, Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested (killed by Jack Ruby on live TV); Warren Commission concluded that Oswald was the lone gunman; many believe the assassination was a conspiracy that was covered up; Lyndon Johnson becomes President (Seinfeld – “Magic Loogie” Scene)

  3. President John F. Kennedy JFK – Election and Assassination: View the debate, the first televised presidential debate in U.S. history. · Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated the Republican Richard Nixon in the presidential election of 1960. President-elect John F. Kennedy, left, shakes hands with Vice President Richard M. Nixon after a post-election conference in Miami.

  4. · In 1963, Pres. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, Texas. Jack Ruby, shot Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24th, 1963, as the Dallas Police was transferring Oswald to the county jail. "The Kennedy Assassination - Beyond Conspiracy“: ABC aired this in 2003, the 40th anniversary of the shooting.

  5. Oswald Grassy Knoll Kennedy Car

  6. B. The Johnson Years1963 - 1968 • Lyndon Johnson defeats Barry Goldwater in 1964 • Great Society – LBJ’s plan to improve standard of living for all Americans (included Medicare (elderly) & Medicaid (poor)). Became a “victim” of Vietnam. • “War on Poverty” – Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 set up job-training programs for poor &gave loans to poor farmers & businesses in poor sections of cities; created HUD (Dept of Housing & Urban Development) • Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed race discrimination in public places, at work & when voting

  7. “Kindly Move Over A Little, Gentlemen”

  8. C. 1968: Year of Crisis • Vietnam War Protests – opposition to war growing, campus protests, draft cards burned, marches on Washington • LBJ announces he won’t seek reelection –Vietnam too much • MLK is killed in Memphis by James Earl Ray; Bobby Kennedy (JFK’s brother) is killed campaigning in LA by Sirhan Sirhan • RFK had good chance to be Democratic candidate for Pres. in 1968 election • Democratic Convention in Chicago erupts in violence outside (police v. antiwar protesters) • Richard Nixon (R) defeats Hubert Humphry (D) & George Wallace in election; promises “peace w/ honor” in Vietnam & “law & order” at home

  9. D. The Nixon Years1969 - 1974 • Saw himself as leader of the “silent majority” (those bothered by protests & unrest of the 60s); looked to reestablish “law & order”; cut many of Johnson’s Great Society programs (too costly); defeats George McGovern (antiwar) in ‘72 • Summer 1969: US puts 1st man on Moon (Neil Armstrong on July 20) – “that’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”; Woodstock concert in Upstate NY in August (Hippie generation) • Watergate Scandal • The Break-in - 5 men are caught breaking into the Democratic headquarters (Watergate building in Wash DC) during the 1972 campaign to plant “bugs” to spy on Democrats; evidence links the break-in to Nixon’s reelection committee, but Nixon denies any involvement • The Cover-up - hearings reveal that Nixon had secret recordings of all conversations in the Oval Office; when he is ordered to turn them over, the tapes showed that the Pres. had been involved in trying to cover up the truth about the break-in (parts of the tapes had been erased, as well) • The Result – Nixon resignsin August 1974, rather than go through an impeachment trial (only President ever to resign from office)

  10. E. A Time to Heal • Gerald Ford became VP in 1973 (during the Watergate Affair) when VP Spiro Agnew was forced to resign for taking bribes & tax evasion • Ford then becomes President when Nixon resigns in 1974. He grants Nixon a “full, free and absolute pardon,” hoping to put the scandal behind us & allow the country to move on (some felt Nixon should have been punished, however) • Ford loses to Jimmy Carter in the 1976 election

  11. F. The Carter Years1977-1980 • Carter was a Washington “outsider,” which was good (new ideas) & bad (hard to work w/ Congress to get things passed) • High inflation made it difficult for many families to make it • Helsinki Agreement – 35 nations pledged to respect basic human rights (freedom of religion & thought, etc.) • Camp David Accords – Carter negotiated peace treaty between Egypt & Israel • Carter loses to Ronald Reagan in 1980 election

  12. Meeting at Camp David · In 1977, President Jimmy Carter met with Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David, Maryland. · The leaders signed the Camp David Accords in 1979, bringing peace between Egypt and Israel.

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