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Chapter One

Chapter One. Introducing Biological Psychology Shorten!!!. Biological Psychology as an Interdisciplinary Field. Includes the study of psychology, biology, physiology, biochemistry, the neural sciences and related fields.

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Chapter One

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  1. Chapter One Introducing Biological Psychology Shorten!!!

  2. Biological Psychology as an Interdisciplinary Field • Includes the study of psychology, biology, physiology, biochemistry, the neural sciences and related fields. • Biological Psychology: the study of relationships between the nervous system and behavior, which can be circular. • Example: • high testosterone may produce aggression (biology affects behavior), • but watching your favorite sports team lose may reduce testosterone levels (behavior affects biology).

  3. Highlights in the Biological Psychology Timeline • Prehistoric (7000 yrs ago): • Trepanation Courtesy San Diego Museum of Man

  4. Highlights in the Biological Psychology Timeline • Egyptians (5000 yrs ago): • Greek Thinkers (4th century BC): Courtesy San Diego Museum of Man

  5. http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/courses/v610051/gelmanr/http://www.nyu.edu/pages/linguistics/courses/v610051/gelmanr/ René Descartes (1596-1650) • Continued the notion that fluids produced movement. • Withdrawal Reflex • Nerves sense heat or pain and opened “pores” in the brain. • Pores release animal spirits which flow through hollow tubes in the body. • Reservoirs in the muscles would fill with these spirits, causing the foot to pull away from the fire.

  6. René Descartes (1596-1650) • The mind-body question: • Dualism: • The belief that the body is physical but the mind (or soul) is not. • Monism: • The belief that the mind is the product of activity in the nervous system.

  7. René Descartes (1596-1650) • The mind-body problem: • Pre-Descartes • mind influences body, but not vice versa; the puppeteer and puppet • Descartes: a mutual interaction • Mind and body both influence each other • Pineal gland • The site of the mind-body interaction

  8. The Brain Sciences Advanced Quickly (1500-1800) • Electricity established as the mode of communication used by the nervous system Galvani’s Lab

  9. The Brain Sciences Continue to Sound More Modern • Early 1800s: • Sensory and motor information travels in separate pathways • i.e., info is only sent in one direction

  10. The Brain Sciences Continue to Sound More Modern • Phrenology(popular from 1820 to 1850) • the correlation of bumps on the skull with personal traits, was misguided in most respects, • but was modern in its acceptance that functions may belocalized in the brain (localization of function). http://mcvey.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/phrenology.jpg

  11. The Neuron Doctrine • Nervous system comprised a vast array of independent, separate nerve cells. • Santiago Ramón y Cajal(1852-1934) • Proposed Neuron Doctrine From Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Histologie du systeme nerveux de l’homme et des vertebres. Paris: A. Maloine, 1909–1911

  12. Important Concepts(that we take for granted today) • The nervous system (esp. brain) controls behavior • The nervous systemcommunicates with electricity • Sensory and motor information travels in separate pathways • Nervous system is divided into independent, separate nerve cells • Functions may be localized in the brain.

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