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Research On Sensor Nets

Research On Sensor Nets. 伍民友 上海交通大学计算机科学与工程系. Outline. An Introduction Surveillance and Coverage Mobile Sensors Reality and Terrain Scalability and Heterogeneous Sensor Nets Multiple Sensor Nets and InterSensorNets Semantic Sensor Nets Detection and Anti-detection Future works.

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Research On Sensor Nets

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  1. Research On Sensor Nets 伍民友 上海交通大学计算机科学与工程系

  2. Outline • An Introduction • Surveillance and Coverage • Mobile Sensors • Reality and Terrain • Scalability and Heterogeneous Sensor Nets • Multiple Sensor Nets and InterSensorNets • Semantic Sensor Nets • Detection and Anti-detection • Future works

  3. Outline • An Introduction • Surveillance and Coverage • Mobile Sensors • Reality and Terrain • Scalability and Heterogeneous Sensor Nets • Multiple Sensor Nets and InterSensorNets • Semantic Sensor Nets • Detection and Anti-detection • Future works

  4. Trend of Computers • Mainframes • PCs • Laptops • PDAs • What is next?

  5. Ubiquitous Computing • Mark Weiser: The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.

  6. Sensory Computing • Sensor network (sensor net) that monitors the earth • 千里眼，顺风耳 • Establishing a connection between virtual world and physical world

  7. What is a Sensor Net • A collection of many wirelesssensors • Sensory • Wireless communication • Ad hoc

  8. gateway query ？ ！ result Sensor Nets Sensory data Sensory data Sensory data Sensory data Sensory data

  9. Enabling Technology • Sensors • Wireless • Micro-fabrication and integration • Embedded systems

  10. What a Sensor Net Can Do • Monitoring • People • Vehicles • Animals • Environment • Fabs • Supply chains • …

  11. Psend(Nr) Psend(r) … Preceive r Nr Advantages of Sensornet • Energy advantage • Short-range communication • Trade-off: # of hops

  12. Advantages of Sensor Net • Detection advantage • More sensors, shorter distance to the target • Better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

  13. Advantages of Sensor Net • Structure advantage • Robustness due to redundancy • In-network processing

  14. Disadvantage • Small sensors • Limited on: • Power • Communication range & bandwidth • Computation power • Memory

  15. Power • Short-range communication • On-demand sensory • Short duty cycle • More computing, less communication • Field charging

  16. Communication, Computation and Memory • Scalability • In-network processing or aggregation • Efficient algorithms • Less computing cycles • Less storage requirement

  17. Satellite and Sensor Net • Satellite • Global view • Sensor net • Detailed view

  18. Applications • Military battlefield awareness • Rapid deployment • Monitoring battlefield or bases

  19. Military Affairs Sensor systems Deployment Information gathering Enemy detection

  20. Applications • Disaster situations • Fire • Chemical leakage • Nuclear plant • …

  21. Disaster and Security National key project- Sanxia embankment inspection

  22. Applications • Environmental monitoring • Pollution • Water level • …

  23. Huaihe River valley surroundings supervising Environmental Monitoring Mine explosion accident scene Sensor communication detecting in miner

  24. Applications • Agriculture • Monitor • Temperature • humidity • plant disease • insect pests

  25. Agriculture Water resource management

  26. Applications • Asset and warehouse management • Tracking assets • With RFID

  27. Applications • Industrial process control • Monitoring manufacturing processes • Monitoring equipments, such as motors, pipes • Monitoring servers • Monitoring any irregular situations and failures

  28. Applications • Building monitoring and control • Low wiring cost • Cut down energy cost • Air control • Biological agents or chemical pollutants

  29. Applications • Security and surveillance • Airports • Subways • Nuclear power plants

  30. Applications • Health care • Monitoring vital signs of patients • In-home elder care: monitoring subtler behaviors of an elders

  31. Applications • Automotive • Vehicle-centric sensor net • Robot with sensors • Non-traditional • Mobile • Possible long distance

  32. Examples • Great Duck Island • 190 sensors monitor the nesting petrels • Avoid to disturb the bird

  33. Examples • BP, an oil and gas giant • Losing track of 900 railcars in 2003 • Solution: to fit each railcar with a network of sensors --- that not only track where the railcars is at all times, but can monitor weight, internal temperature, etc.

  34. Examples • BP • Monitoring customers’ liquefied petroleum gas fuel tanks • 25% improvement in efficiency • The tanks have gauges but customer would forget to look at them until it was too late

  35. Examples • BP • Tracking lone workers • To avoid hazardous areas where they may be at risk

  36. Examples • Intel • Now, all equipments are manually inspected once a quarter, found 80% of problems • With sensor net, 95% of the problems can be found

  37. Vineyards BC Examples • In Pickberry vineyard, a sensor net monitors: • soil moisture • rainfall • wind velocity and direction

  38. Trend of Sensor Net Research • Application-driven • Most basics are researched • New topics from real-world applications

  39. Outline • An Introduction • Surveillance and Coverage • Mobile Sensors • Reality and Terrain • Scalability and Heterogeneous Sensor Nets • Multiple Sensor Nets and InterSensorNets • Semantic Sensor Nets • Detection and Anti-detection • Future works

  40. Surveillance • Points of interest or areas of interest • Deployment • Structured or unstructured

  41. 2 1.732 Coverage and Connection • Communication-to-Coverage Ratio (CCR) • Equivalence: 2 or 1.732?

  42. Coverage and Connection Sensing range Communication

  43. Coverage and Connection Connected Disjoint Connected Disjoint

  44. Coverage • 0-1 coverage • Coverage percentage • Average walking distance • Probability coverage • Detection probability

  45. Coverage • 0-1 coverage Average walking distance

  46. Coverage • Probability coverage

  47. Exposure • Path-based metrics • a start point and a destination • Best path and worst path • A probabilityapproach with Voronoi diagram

  48. Voronoi Diagram

  49. Sparse Sensor Nets • Point surveillance • Low CCR • How to communication • Communicators? • Long range communication? • Mobile collectors?

  50. Holes and Islands • Definition of holes and islands • The effect of a hole in communication and coverage • Communication island • Use mobile sensors • fill holes • connect islands

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