Unit 7 & 10

1. The Renaissance & Reformation Unit 7 & 10

2. The Renaissance • Humanism and a Rebirth in Learning: a.) Old Greek and Roman Learning b.) Humanism: In art and literature c.) New Asian Ideas (Muslims, Chinese, Indians) d.) Why Italy? II. The Rise of Capitalism: a.) Effects of the crusades Rise of markets End of Feudalism Rise of New Towns b.) Commerce: Middle Class

3. Map of Renaissance Europe Norway Sweden Russia England “Germanic States” Traders France Venice, Genoa, Florence Spain Italy Traders Mediterranean Sea Muslim Empire

4. Timeline of the Renaissance End of Feudalism Renaissance Period Florence becomes artistic center Renaissance Begins World Exploration 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 Reformation begins in the 1500s 1456: Gutenberg invents printing press RENAISSANCE: “Rebirth” – a “rebirth” of the Greek and Roman culture - a new perspective in learning and ideas, in education, technology, trade/economics and politics

5. The Rise of Capitalism: Effects of the Crusades on the Economy: New Markets and Towns: - Were created because of the revival of trade after the crusades End of Feudalism: - Freed serfs left the manors and moved to the new cities and towns - A money economy replaced lad ownership as the means of wealth

6. The Commercial Revolution 1.) Commercial Revolution - A “change” from a feudal economy to market (money $) economy 2.) Market Economy - The demand for a product and the supply available determines the price of a product (market system) 3.) Capitalism - An economic system - Based on using capital which is “investment money” - Prices are determined by the market 4.) Rise of the Middle Class - Created in new towns - They were business people; merchants, bankers, and craftsmen 5.) Guilds - Business organizations created to promote and protect a certain trade (craft) in a community or region

9. “International” Trade 1.) Hanseatic League: (Northern Europe to Baltic Sea) - Organization of trading merchants from large cities located in northern Europe - Reaction to the success and domination of the Italian in the South 2.) Italian City-States: (Southern Europe to Mediterranean Sea) - They dominated trade between Asia and Europe - Venice, Genoa, & Naples - Very independent

10. Humanism and a Rebirth of Learning in Europe Renewed Interest in Learning (People become more creative and began to look at things from a different perspective) 1.) Greek and Roman Learning: was “reborn” in Europe (Art, Philosophy, Literature, Science) 2.) Asian Learning: (Asian ideas spread to Europe through trade with the Muslims) - Navigation (Sailing) - Science - Medicine 3.) Monastic System: (Monks in monasteries) - Preserved and spread old and new learning - Began new universities

11. Why the Renaissance Began in Italy Italy’s great LOCATION led them to become great TRADERS; TRADE led to great WEALTH; WEALTH led to many PATRONS; PATRONS led to great UNIVERSTIES and WORKS OF ART

12. Florence, Italy: - Center of the Renaissance artistic world - Grew from support of the Medici family Patrons: - Wealthy people who sponsored artists and thinkers to do great work Medici Family: - Bankers from Florence, Used wealth to control politics, & sponsored the great artists of Italy

13. Humanism Humanism: - The intellectual and artistic movement that took place during the Renaissance - Focused more on the everyday life of a person (secular) Secular: - NOT church related - Part of the everyday world

14. Humanism in Art How Art Became Humanistic: - Themes: Everyday Man - Technique: used “perspective” Perspective: - Technique used to make images look more realistic (3 dimensional)

15. Renaissance Artists • Leonardo DaVinci • Michelangelo Buonarroti • Raphael Sancti • Donatello

16. Leonardo DaVinci • “Renaissance Man” – could do many things extremely well • Paintings: Mona Lisa, the Last Supper • Sketches: Vitruvian Man • Inventions: Tank, Plane, etc..

20. Michelangelo Buonarroti • Great Sculptor and Painter • Favored patron of the Medici Family • Statue of “David” • Painted the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling

24. Raphael Sancti • Renaissance Painter • Focused on the classical cultures of Greece and Rome • “School of Athens”

26. Donatello • Painter and Sculptor • Sculpted the original “David” out of Bronze before Michelangelo • Also known for carving of Mary Magdalene

28. Humanism in Literature How literature became humanistic: - wrote less about religion and more about everyday life - wrote to entertain - wrote in vernacular Vernacular: - the local everyday language of the people (Italian, French, & Spain, etc)

29. Dante Alighieri Italian Writer Wrote in the Vernacular (Italian – not Latin) - Put a human touch on Heaven and Hell in his most famous work the Divine Comedy which was broken up into 3 parts

30. Inferno, Purgatorio, & Paradiso

31. References to Pop Culture

32. Miguel De Cervantes Spanish Writer Don Quixote – poked fun at traditions such as knighthood, chivalry and nobility

33. Shakespeare English Writer Everyday emotions, situations, and life - Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, etc…

34. Renaissance Technology The Printing Press: Invented by Johan Gutenberg Made books available to the masses (enough of them-affordable) - Dramatically increased the collective knowledge of Europe -Considered by many to be the most important innovation in human history

35. Essential Questions 1.) What was the relationship between the rise of capitalism and the decline of Feudalism? - Capitalism decreased the need for Feudalism (money replaced land as source of wealth) - Under capitalism, there is increased trade - Capitalism gives more money to the monarchs (Kings/Queens) - Middle Class gained power at expense of landowners 2.) What impact did capitalism have on the Renaissance? - Capitalism led to Trade (cultural diffusion) led to Money (patrons) led to Help pay for the arts (capitalism helped to fund the Renaissance) 3.) How did Renaissance thinking differ from the Medieval thinking? - Medieval thinking was concerned with the Church – God – Heaven - Renaissance thinking was concerned with Society – Man – Earth

36. The Reformation • Map • Timeline • Church Problems • Martin Luther and the Protestants • Other Reform Leaders • Results

37. Reformation Map Scotland Russia England Poland “Germanic States” France Italian States Ottoman Empire Spain Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire

38. Reformation Timeline