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Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections. How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?. MYTHS OF STDs True or False. Most people with an STD experience painful symptoms. Birth control pills prevent the spread of STDs. Douching will cure and STD.
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How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?
MYTHS OF STDsTrue or False • Most people with an STD experience painful symptoms. • Birth control pills prevent the spread of STDs. • Douching will cure and STD. • Abstinence is the best way to prevent STDs. • If you get an STD once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. • A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices sores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. • Condoms help prevent the spread of STDs
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • STDs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: • sexual intercourse • oral-genital contact • anal-genital or anal-oral contact • non-sexual ways • IV drugs • blood transfusions • changes in the vaginal chemical balance • Diseases – lifelong • Infections – curable
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Symptoms will vary depending on the disease or infection by may include • Sores • Blood in urine • Burning sensation while urinating • Rashes/Itching • Bumps/Warts • Unusual discharge • Many STDs are asymptomatic, meaning there are not signs or symptoms • Many will continue to spread the disease and not get treatment
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Considered to be primarily or frequently sexually transmitted: • Chancroid (haemophilusducreyi) • Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Granuloma inguinale(Donovanosis) • Hepatitis B virus • Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42-45, 51, 52, 56 (genital warts) • Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Trichomoniasis(trichomonasvaginalis)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Sexually Transmittable, although not generally considered to be STDs because they have more common routes of transmission: • Bacterial vaginosis • Candidiasis • Crabs and Scabies • Cytomegalovirus • Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), secondary condition
Chancroid(haemophilusducreyi) • Bacterial disease • Infection methods: sexual contact • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: genital ulcers, enlarged lymph nodes • Detection: examination of genital ulcers and lymph nodes • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: • scarring may occur • higher risk of contracting HIV
Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: intercourse and anal sex • Prevention: condoms & regular medical screenings • Symptoms: 25% of men and 70% of women are asymptomatic • Fever and Diarrhea • Fatigue and weight loss • White spots in the mouth • Pain and swelling in genital area • Discharge from penis • Burning sensation while urinating • White or gray discharge from vaginal area
Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Detection: collection of fluid from cervix or penis, urine samples • Treatment: antibiotics • Testing and treatment of all sexual partners • Complications: • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Nonspecific utethritis (NSU) • Arthritis • Chronic pain and infertility • Babies born to infected mothers may have eye, ear & lung infections, or death
Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip”(Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: sexual contact with mouth, vagina, penis or anus, and from mother to baby • Prevention: abstinence, monogamous, condoms • Symptoms: • sore or red throat • rectal pain • blood and pus in bowel movements • A watery discharge from the penis, which can become a thick yellow/green discharge • Itching or burning at the urethral opening • Pain with urination • Thick yellow or white vaginal discharge • Unusual lower abdominal pain
Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip”(Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Detection: • Gram stain - staining a sample of tissue or discharge and then looking at it under a microscope • Cultures (cells that grow in a lab dish) provide absolute proof of infection. Generally, samples for a culture are taken from the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, or throat. • Treatment: • Antibiotics • Testing and treatment of all sexual partners • About half of the women with gonorrhea are also infected with chlamydia and will need treatment for that as well
Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip” (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Complications • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Infertility • Scarring or narrowing of the urethra • Abscess (collection of pus around the urethra) • Joint infections • Heart valve infection • Meningitis • Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea may pass the disease to their baby while in the womb or during delivery • Premature delivery • Spontaneous abortion • Blindness, joint infection, or blood infection
Granuloma Inguinale(Donovanosis) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: vaginal or anal intercourse • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: • Small, beefy-red bumps appear on the genitals or around the anus. • They are usually painless, but they bleed easily if injured. • The disease slowly spreads and destroys genital tissue. • Tissue damage may spread to the area where the legs meet the torso. • The genitals and the skin around them lose skin color.
Granuloma Inguinale(Donovanosis) • Detection: tissue samples and biopsy of lesions • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: • Genital damage and scarring • Loss of skin color in genital area • Permanent genital swelling due to scarring
Hepatitis B virus • Irritation and swelling of the liver • Infection methods: • Direct contact with blood • Sexual contact with an infected person • Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or instruments • Shared needles/equipment during drug use • Shared personal items • Childbirth from infected mother to child • Prevention: • Vaccine • Avoid sexual contact with infected persons • Use a condom and practice safe sex • Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes • Don’t do drugs • Properly clean blood spills
Hepatitis B virus • Symptoms: • Many are asymptomatic • Appetite loss • Fatigue • Fever, low-grade • Muscle and joint aches • Nausea and vomiting • Yellow skin and dark urine due to jaundice • Detection: blood tests • Treatment: careful monitoring of liver and other body functions with blood tests • May need liver transplant if liver failure occurs • Complications: liver damage (cirrhosis)
Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Viral infection, lifelong • Infection methods: • Skin, vagina, penis, or mouth contact with someone infected • Passed to baby during a vaginal birth • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: • Itching and burning followed by small sore or cluster of blisters on the penis/in or around vagina • Blisters will heal and go away but lifelong “outbreaks” will still occur • Fever • Headaches
Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Detection: culture of fluid from sore and blood tests • Treatment: medications to help with the discomfort of outbreaks • Complications: • Lifelong outbreaks • May cause cervical cancer • Virus may spread to other parts of the body • Baby may have physical or mental damage
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Severely damages the immune system by infecting & destroying white blood cells • Infection methods: • Unprotected sex with an infected person • Needle sharing between intravenous drug users • Blood transfer • Infected woman to her baby • In RARE cases, accidents of needle stick injuries by healthcare providers • Small risk in oral sex
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV transmission can occur when fluids containing HIV from an infected person enter the body of an uninfected person. These fluids include: • Blood • Semen • Pre-seminal fluid • Vaginal fluid • Breast milk • HIV can enter the body through: • Lining of the anus or rectum • Lining of the vagina and/or cervix • Opening to the penis • mouth that has sores or bleeding gums • cuts and sores • Needles (syringes)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Prevention: abstinence, condoms, never share needles or take drugs, avoid getting drunk or high • Symptoms: • Primary stage – flu-like symptoms, few weeks • Clinically Asymptomatic Stage – mild infections and chronic disorders, average of 10 years • Symptomatic HIV Infection – emergence of certain opportunistic infections • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) – low white blood cell counts • Very susceptible to infections
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Detection: blood tests – rapid test, western blot • Treatment: variety of drugs to keep the virus under control • HAART therapy (highly-active anti-retroviral therapy) • Complications: • Opportunistic infections — diseases that wouldn't trouble a person with a healthy immune system • Other STDs • Death
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42-45, 51, 52, 56 (genital warts) • Soft growths on the skin and mucus membranes of the genitals • Infection methods: sexual contact • Prevention: abstinence, condoms, two vaccines (protect against four types) • Symptoms: flesh-colored spots that are raised or flat, growths that look like the top of a cauliflower • Detection: physical exam • Treatment: skin treatment at doctor’s office, Rx medicines, surgical removal of warts • Complications: cervical cancer, warts can become very large and numerous
Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Prevention: abstinence
Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Symptoms: • Primary Stage – 10 to 90 days after contact sore appears (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or sex organ) heals on its own in 3-6 weeks • Secondary Stage – lasts 3-6 weeks, copper-colored skin rash with fever, headache, loss of appetite, or loss of hair • Latent (hidden) Stage - damage to internal organs occurs with no symptoms • Late Stage - accumulated damage shows up in 10-30 years after initial infection • Sudden heart attack, vision failure, loss of motor coordination , or mental disturbances
Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Detection: examination of material from sore and blood tests • Treatment: antibiotics (penicillin) • One dose will work if you have had syphilis for under one year • Baby born with syphilis will have daily penicillin treatments for 10 days • Complications: • Sudden heart attack • vision failure • loss of motor coordination • mental disturbances • Death
Trichomoniasis(trichomonasvaginalis) • Caused by a parasite (protozoan) • Infection methods: intercourse • Prevention: monogamous and condoms • Symptoms: frothy greenish-yellow vaginal discharge, vaginal itching and odor, burning after urination or ejaculation, discharge from urethra • Detection: pelvic exam in women, men are diagnosed after their partner or after treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia fail • Treatment: antibiotic • Complications: changes in cervical tissue
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) • Normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria • Infection methods: not fully understood but having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners and douching are some causes • Prevention: abstinence, limiting number of sex partners, don’t douche • Symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, most report being asymptomatic • Detection: exam and lab tests on vaginal fluid • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: increase susceptibility to HIV and other STDs, infection after surgery, preterm delivery
Candidiasis • Yeast infection • Infection methods: antibiotics, steroids, pregnancy, menstruation, sperm, diabetes, and birth control pills • Prevention: • Symptoms: vaginal burning, itching, and discharge (white cheese look) • Detection: gynecological exam • Treatment: over-the-counter medications • Complications: people with weakened immune systems it can be hard to treat and get rid of
Crabs and Scabies • Small, creatures that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs • Infection methods: sexual activity, toilet seats, sheets, blankets, or bathing suits • Prevention: limiting number of sexual partners, safe sex, good personal hygiene, ware underwear when trying on bathing suits • Symptoms: itching, bluish-gray colored skin, sores due to bites and scratching • Detection: examination of pubic area • Treatment: Rx wash • Complications: secondary infections may develop if scratching opens the skin
Cytomegalovirus • Form of the herpes virus, usually a harmless infection that stays for life • Infection methods: direct contact with bodily fluids (urine, saliva, breast milk), sexual activities, transplanted organs and blood transfusions • Prevention: • wash hands often • don’t share food/drinks, pacifier, toothbrush with young children • clean anything that comes in contact with a child’s saliva or urine
Cytomegalovirus • Symptoms: • Jaundice • Purple skin splotches • Enlarged spleen or liver • Pneumonia • Seizures • Visual impairment/blindness • Diarrhea/digestive ulcers • Detection: blood, saliva, or urine test • Treatment: most healthy people don’t need treatment • Complications: congenital infections cause many long-term problems and deaths
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) • Inflammation or infection of the urethra, caused by something other than gonorrhea • Infection methods: sexual activities, UTIs, inflamed prostate • Prevention: abstinence and safe sex • Symptoms: • Itching and burning around genital area • Discharge (thin & watery to thick and white) • Detection: have inflammation of the urethra with out gonorrhea infection • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: infertility, arthritis, conjunctivitis, PID, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriages
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Bacterial infection that moves from vaginal/cervical area into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis • Infection methods: chlamydia or gonorrhea, IUD, sexual activity during adolescence • Prevention: prompt treatment for STDs, safe sex behaviors, monogamous • Symptoms: fever, pain in lower abdomen, vaginal discharge with abnormal color, texture or smell,chills, fatigue, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding or no menstruation
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Detection: • cervical exam • vaginal culture • ultrasound or CT scan • Treatment: antibiotics, may need surgery • Complications: • scarring of the pelvic organs • chronic pelvic pain • ectopic pregnancy • infertility