Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections

2. How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?

3. MYTHS OF STDsTrue or False • Most people with an STD experience painful symptoms. • Birth control pills prevent the spread of STDs. • Douching will cure and STD. • Abstinence is the best way to prevent STDs. • If you get an STD once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. • A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices sores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. • Condoms help prevent the spread of STDs

4. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • STDs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: • sexual intercourse • oral-genital contact • anal-genital or anal-oral contact • non-sexual ways • IV drugs • blood transfusions • changes in the vaginal chemical balance • Diseases – lifelong • Infections – curable

5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Symptoms will vary depending on the disease or infection by may include • Sores • Blood in urine • Burning sensation while urinating • Rashes/Itching • Bumps/Warts • Unusual discharge • Many STDs are asymptomatic, meaning there are not signs or symptoms • Many will continue to spread the disease and not get treatment

6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Considered to be primarily or frequently sexually transmitted: • Chancroid (haemophilusducreyi) • Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Granuloma inguinale(Donovanosis) • Hepatitis B virus • Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42-45, 51, 52, 56 (genital warts) • Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Trichomoniasis(trichomonasvaginalis)

7. Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections • Sexually Transmittable, although not generally considered to be STDs because they have more common routes of transmission: • Bacterial vaginosis • Candidiasis • Crabs and Scabies • Cytomegalovirus • Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), secondary condition

8. Chancroid(haemophilusducreyi) • Bacterial disease • Infection methods: sexual contact • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: genital ulcers, enlarged lymph nodes • Detection: examination of genital ulcers and lymph nodes • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: • scarring may occur • higher risk of contracting HIV

9. Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: intercourse and anal sex • Prevention: condoms & regular medical screenings • Symptoms: 25% of men and 70% of women are asymptomatic • Fever and Diarrhea • Fatigue and weight loss • White spots in the mouth • Pain and swelling in genital area • Discharge from penis • Burning sensation while urinating • White or gray discharge from vaginal area

10. Chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) • Detection: collection of fluid from cervix or penis, urine samples • Treatment: antibiotics • Testing and treatment of all sexual partners • Complications: • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Nonspecific utethritis (NSU) • Arthritis • Chronic pain and infertility • Babies born to infected mothers may have eye, ear & lung infections, or death

11. Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip”(Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: sexual contact with mouth, vagina, penis or anus, and from mother to baby • Prevention: abstinence, monogamous, condoms • Symptoms: • sore or red throat • rectal pain • blood and pus in bowel movements • A watery discharge from the penis, which can become a thick yellow/green discharge • Itching or burning at the urethral opening • Pain with urination • Thick yellow or white vaginal discharge • Unusual lower abdominal pain

12. Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip”(Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Detection: • Gram stain - staining a sample of tissue or discharge and then looking at it under a microscope • Cultures (cells that grow in a lab dish) provide absolute proof of infection. Generally, samples for a culture are taken from the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, or throat. • Treatment: • Antibiotics • Testing and treatment of all sexual partners • About half of the women with gonorrhea are also infected with chlamydia and will need treatment for that as well

13. Gonorrhea - “The Clap” – “The Drip” (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) • Complications • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Infertility • Scarring or narrowing of the urethra • Abscess (collection of pus around the urethra) • Joint infections • Heart valve infection • Meningitis • Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea may pass the disease to their baby while in the womb or during delivery • Premature delivery • Spontaneous abortion • Blindness, joint infection, or blood infection

14. Granuloma Inguinale(Donovanosis) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: vaginal or anal intercourse • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: • Small, beefy-red bumps appear on the genitals or around the anus. • They are usually painless, but they bleed easily if injured. • The disease slowly spreads and destroys genital tissue. • Tissue damage may spread to the area where the legs meet the torso. • The genitals and the skin around them lose skin color.

15. Granuloma Inguinale(Donovanosis) • Detection: tissue samples and biopsy of lesions • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: • Genital damage and scarring • Loss of skin color in genital area • Permanent genital swelling due to scarring

16. Hepatitis B virus • Irritation and swelling of the liver • Infection methods: • Direct contact with blood • Sexual contact with an infected person • Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or instruments • Shared needles/equipment during drug use • Shared personal items • Childbirth from infected mother to child • Prevention: • Vaccine • Avoid sexual contact with infected persons • Use a condom and practice safe sex • Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes • Don’t do drugs • Properly clean blood spills

17. Hepatitis B virus • Symptoms: • Many are asymptomatic • Appetite loss • Fatigue • Fever, low-grade • Muscle and joint aches • Nausea and vomiting • Yellow skin and dark urine due to jaundice • Detection: blood tests • Treatment: careful monitoring of liver and other body functions with blood tests • May need liver transplant if liver failure occurs • Complications: liver damage (cirrhosis)

18. Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Viral infection, lifelong • Infection methods: • Skin, vagina, penis, or mouth contact with someone infected • Passed to baby during a vaginal birth • Prevention: abstinence and condoms • Symptoms: • Itching and burning followed by small sore or cluster of blisters on the penis/in or around vagina • Blisters will heal and go away but lifelong “outbreaks” will still occur • Fever • Headaches

19. Herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2) • Detection: culture of fluid from sore and blood tests • Treatment: medications to help with the discomfort of outbreaks • Complications: • Lifelong outbreaks • May cause cervical cancer • Virus may spread to other parts of the body • Baby may have physical or mental damage

20. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Severely damages the immune system by infecting & destroying white blood cells • Infection methods: • Unprotected sex with an infected person • Needle sharing between intravenous drug users • Blood transfer • Infected woman to her baby • In RARE cases, accidents of needle stick injuries by healthcare providers • Small risk in oral sex

21. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV transmission can occur when fluids containing HIV from an infected person enter the body of an uninfected person. These fluids include: • Blood • Semen • Pre-seminal fluid • Vaginal fluid • Breast milk • HIV can enter the body through: • Lining of the anus or rectum • Lining of the vagina and/or cervix • Opening to the penis • mouth that has sores or bleeding gums • cuts and sores • Needles (syringes)

22. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Prevention: abstinence, condoms, never share needles or take drugs, avoid getting drunk or high • Symptoms: • Primary stage – flu-like symptoms, few weeks • Clinically Asymptomatic Stage – mild infections and chronic disorders, average of 10 years • Symptomatic HIV Infection – emergence of certain opportunistic infections • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) – low white blood cell counts • Very susceptible to infections

23. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Detection: blood tests – rapid test, western blot • Treatment: variety of drugs to keep the virus under control • HAART therapy (highly-active anti-retroviral therapy) • Complications: • Opportunistic infections — diseases that wouldn't trouble a person with a healthy immune system • Other STDs • Death

24. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42-45, 51, 52, 56 (genital warts) • Soft growths on the skin and mucus membranes of the genitals • Infection methods: sexual contact • Prevention: abstinence, condoms, two vaccines (protect against four types) • Symptoms: flesh-colored spots that are raised or flat, growths that look like the top of a cauliflower • Detection: physical exam • Treatment: skin treatment at doctor’s office, Rx medicines, surgical removal of warts • Complications: cervical cancer, warts can become very large and numerous

25. Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Bacterial infection • Infection methods: direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, anal, or oral sex • Prevention: abstinence

26. Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Symptoms: • Primary Stage – 10 to 90 days after contact sore appears (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or sex organ) heals on its own in 3-6 weeks • Secondary Stage – lasts 3-6 weeks, copper-colored skin rash with fever, headache, loss of appetite, or loss of hair • Latent (hidden) Stage - damage to internal organs occurs with no symptoms • Late Stage - accumulated damage shows up in 10-30 years after initial infection • Sudden heart attack, vision failure, loss of motor coordination , or mental disturbances

27. Syphilis (treponemapallidum) • Detection: examination of material from sore and blood tests • Treatment: antibiotics (penicillin) • One dose will work if you have had syphilis for under one year • Baby born with syphilis will have daily penicillin treatments for 10 days • Complications: • Sudden heart attack • vision failure • loss of motor coordination • mental disturbances • Death

28. Trichomoniasis(trichomonasvaginalis) • Caused by a parasite (protozoan) • Infection methods: intercourse • Prevention: monogamous and condoms • Symptoms: frothy greenish-yellow vaginal discharge, vaginal itching and odor, burning after urination or ejaculation, discharge from urethra • Detection: pelvic exam in women, men are diagnosed after their partner or after treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia fail • Treatment: antibiotic • Complications: changes in cervical tissue

29. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) • Normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted and replaced by an overgrowth of certain bacteria • Infection methods: not fully understood but having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners and douching are some causes • Prevention: abstinence, limiting number of sex partners, don’t douche • Symptoms: abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, most report being asymptomatic • Detection: exam and lab tests on vaginal fluid • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: increase susceptibility to HIV and other STDs, infection after surgery, preterm delivery

30. Candidiasis • Yeast infection • Infection methods: antibiotics, steroids, pregnancy, menstruation, sperm, diabetes, and birth control pills • Prevention: • Symptoms: vaginal burning, itching, and discharge (white cheese look) • Detection: gynecological exam • Treatment: over-the-counter medications • Complications: people with weakened immune systems it can be hard to treat and get rid of

31. Crabs and Scabies • Small, creatures that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs • Infection methods: sexual activity, toilet seats, sheets, blankets, or bathing suits • Prevention: limiting number of sexual partners, safe sex, good personal hygiene, ware underwear when trying on bathing suits • Symptoms: itching, bluish-gray colored skin, sores due to bites and scratching • Detection: examination of pubic area • Treatment: Rx wash • Complications: secondary infections may develop if scratching opens the skin

32. Cytomegalovirus • Form of the herpes virus, usually a harmless infection that stays for life • Infection methods: direct contact with bodily fluids (urine, saliva, breast milk), sexual activities, transplanted organs and blood transfusions • Prevention: • wash hands often • don’t share food/drinks, pacifier, toothbrush with young children • clean anything that comes in contact with a child’s saliva or urine

33. Cytomegalovirus • Symptoms: • Jaundice • Purple skin splotches • Enlarged spleen or liver • Pneumonia • Seizures • Visual impairment/blindness • Diarrhea/digestive ulcers • Detection: blood, saliva, or urine test • Treatment: most healthy people don’t need treatment • Complications: congenital infections cause many long-term problems and deaths

34. Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) • Inflammation or infection of the urethra, caused by something other than gonorrhea • Infection methods: sexual activities, UTIs, inflamed prostate • Prevention: abstinence and safe sex • Symptoms: • Itching and burning around genital area • Discharge (thin & watery to thick and white) • Detection: have inflammation of the urethra with out gonorrhea infection • Treatment: antibiotics • Complications: infertility, arthritis, conjunctivitis, PID, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriages

35. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Bacterial infection that moves from vaginal/cervical area into the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis • Infection methods: chlamydia or gonorrhea, IUD, sexual activity during adolescence • Prevention: prompt treatment for STDs, safe sex behaviors, monogamous • Symptoms: fever, pain in lower abdomen, vaginal discharge with abnormal color, texture or smell,chills, fatigue, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding or no menstruation

36. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Detection: • cervical exam • vaginal culture • ultrasound or CT scan • Treatment: antibiotics, may need surgery • Complications: • scarring of the pelvic organs • chronic pelvic pain • ectopic pregnancy • infertility