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Data collection

Data collection. Questionnaires Interviews Accounts Observation tests. questionnaires. Planning a questionnaire Decide the objectives Decide the population and the sample Generate topics / concepts and data required to meet the objectives Decide kinds of measures

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Data collection

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  1. Data collection • Questionnaires • Interviews • Accounts • Observation • tests compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  2. questionnaires Planning a questionnaire • Decidetheobjectives • Decidethepopulation and thesample • Generatetopics/concepts and data required to meettheobjectives • Decidekinds of measures • Writequestionnaireitems • Pilot thequestionnaire • Administerthequestionnaire compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  3. types of questionnaire items • Closed • Dichotomous • Multiplechoice • Rankordering • Ratingscales • constant sum • Ratio data • Open -participantswrite a freeaccount to explain and qualifytheirresponses and avoidthelimitations of pre-setcategories compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  4. Scales of data Youneed to adopt a scale of data: -nominal (indicatecategories) -ordinal (indicate order: high, low; first, last, etc.) -ratio (indicatevalues, e.g. marksin a test) compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  5. Scales of data 2 Question type level of data • Dichotomous questions nominal • Multiple choice nominal • Rank ordering ordinal • Rating scales ordinal • Constant sum question ordinal • Ratio data questions ratio • Open-ended questions word-based data compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  6. Dichotomous questions Sex (pleasetick) Male  Female  Do youpreferdidacticmethods to child-centredmethods? Yes No Advantages: -Codesresponsesquickly • Goodfunnellingdevice for subsequentquestions • E.g. Ifyouanswered ”yes” to question X, please go to question Y compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  7. Multiple choice questions -Categoriesmust be DISCRETE, i.e. should not overlapormutuallyexclusive) • Guidanceshould be providedwhetheronly one answercan be ticked (single answermode) orseveral (multipleanswermode) • Arequicklycoded Number of yearsinteaching 1-5 6-12 15-24 25 +  Whichage group do youteachatpresent? Infant primarysecondarysixth form only compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  8. Rank ordering • Thereareoptions to choosefrom (as inmultiplechoice) • Asksrespondents to identifypriorities (unlikeinmultiplechoice) Pleaseindicateyourpriorities Studentsshouldenjoyschool [ ] Teachersshould less homework [ ] Studentsshould be testedmore [ ] Teachershouldusemorevariedactivities [ ] compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  9. Rating scales • Categoriesneed to be discrete • Theyneed to exhausttherange of possibleresponses Senior schoolstaffshouldteachmore 1 2 3 4 5 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=neither agree nor disagree; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  10. Rating scale – semantic differential • Semantic differential is a variation of a rating scale • Two adjectives are put at each end of a scale • Respondents circle their answer How useful do you consider these slides? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Useful --- --- --- --- --- --- --- useless compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  11. Constant sum questions • Respondentsareasked to distribute a givennumber of marksbetween a range of items • Enables to identifypriorities • Respondentsconsidertherelativeweight of eachaspects Distribute 10 points for aspects of yourpersonality: Talkative [ ] Cooperative [ ] Hard-working [ ] Lazy [ ] Attentive [ ] compiled by Anna Bączkowska

  12. Ratio data question • - no fixed answer or category is provided • Respondents puts in the numerical answer that fits his/her exact figure • Enables averages and statistics to be calculated How much money do you have in the bank? __ How many times have you been late for school? __ How old are you (in years)? __ compiled by Anna Bączkowska

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