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Outline. Electromagnetic showers Shower Development Characteristics of showers Shower Detectors DHCal Design Concept Conclusion. Electromagnetic Showers. Electrons with energies > 100MeV lose energy almost entirely through bremsstrahlung  e + + e -

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Outline

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  1. Outline Electromagnetic showers Shower Development Characteristics of showers Shower Detectors DHCal Design Concept Conclusion

  2. Electromagnetic Showers • Electrons with energies > 100MeV lose energy almost entirely through bremsstrahlung •  e+ + e- (Pair Production)

  3. e+  e- e- e+ 0 1 2 3

  4. Characteristics • N(t) = etln2 • tmax = ln(Eo/E)/ln2 • L  E0/E • Showers are statistical in nature

  5. Shower detectors • Calorimeters measure the total energy deposited • Two types – Electromagnetic and Hadronic • tmax = 3.9 + lnEo The total energy is measured by counting the number of particles in the shower whose energy exceeds certain value

  6. Hadronic Showers • Transverse momentum = 350MeV/c Hence hadronic showers are more spread out. • Most of the energy dissipated is by ionization losses and secondary protons • o 2  (leading to showers)

  7. DHCal

  8. From CERN-open-2000-344, A. Sharma

  9. Initial design concept for gas amplification DHCAL

  10. CERN GDD Group – electron-micrograph of GEM foil hole

  11. Conclusion • Study of various technologies • Construction of mechanical prototypes • Construction of multi layer prototype

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